science prep Flashcards
What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group in an experiment?
A control group is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment, while the experimental group is the one that does receive the treatment being tested.
What are the main types of blood vessels in the human body?
The main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.
How does blood flow through the heart?
Blood flows through the heart in a cycle: it enters the right atrium, moves to the right ventricle, is pumped to the lungs, returns to the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the body.
What is heart rate and how is it measured?
Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute and is typically measured by counting the beats at the wrist or neck.
What are the different types of blood cells and their functions?
The main types of blood cells are red blood cells (transport oxygen), white blood cells (immune response), and platelets (blood clotting).
What is the role of DNA in living organisms?
DNA carries genetic information that is used for the growth, development, and functioning of living organisms.
What are amino acids and how do they relate to protein synthesis?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence during protein synthesis to form proteins.
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division.
What are the main stages of mitosis?
The main stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs).
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism’s DNA to alter its characteristics or produce desired traits.
What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease.
How do you determine the mode of inheritance using Punnett squares?
Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits based on the genotypes of the parents.
What are the properties of compounds in chemistry?
The properties of compounds include their chemical composition, physical state, boiling and melting points, and reactivity.
What does the pH scale measure?
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, where lower values indicate acidity and higher values indicate alkalinity.
What is the difference between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids only partially dissociate.
What are Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases?
Bronsted-Lowry acids are proton donors, while Bronsted-Lowry bases are proton acceptors.
What is titration in chemistry?
Titration is a method used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.
What is the purpose of an indicator in a titration?
Indicators are substances that change color at a specific pH level, signaling the end point of a titration.
What is acid deposition?
Acid deposition refers to the falling of acidic particles or precipitation from the atmosphere, which can harm the environment.
What are functional groups in organic chemistry?
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical properties and reactivity of those molecules.
What is the inverse square relationship in physics?
The inverse square relationship states that a quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source, commonly seen in gravitational and electromagnetic forces.
What is meant by inducing a current in a conductor?
Inducing a current in a conductor refers to generating an electric current by changing the magnetic field around the conductor.
What are the differences between parallel and series circuits?
In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same voltage source, while in a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, sharing the same current.
