Science Pre Uni Modules 1-8 Term 3 2024

Question 1

Which part of the brain do you use to think?

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Question 2

Which part of the brain controls breathing?

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

Which part of the brain helps you balance while cycling?

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

Which part of the brain gives you sensations of touch?

Answer 4

Cerebrum

Question 5

How are nerve cells different to other cells?

Answer 5

Nerve cells have dendrites and axons, long structures covered with myelin. Nerve cells are also different as they are communication cells.

Question 6

What is the stimulus response pathway?

Answer 6

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor neuron -> Effector muscle

Question 7

Define homeostasis

Answer 7

Homeostasis is a tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal enviornment within narrow limits. The enviornment where the cells function must remain relatively constant.

Question 8

What are some parts of your body that are regulated automatically?

Answer 8

Blood pressure, glucose levels, temperature, fluid levels, and pH levels.

Question 9

What are some parts of the body that are maintained at a constant level?

Answer 9

Respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system.

Question 10

Define pathogen

Answer 10

The term pathogen is used to describe an infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus.

Question 11

Define pathology

Answer 11

The science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.

Question 12

Briefly state the 3 defence barriers of our body against germs.

Answer 12

First line of defence: barriers such as skin , mucous, tears, stomach acid.
Second line of defence: phagocytosis, englufing pathogens with white bloodcells such as macrophages.
Third line of defence: immune response - B cells, T cells, anti bodies, etc.

Question 13

How does out skin protect us from germs?

Answer 13

Skin is our first line of defense: physical barrier. It is acidic, salty, and oily to stop microbes from enteing the internal enviornment.

Question 14

What are the main groups of non-infectous diseases?

Answer 14

Inheritied
Nutritional
Enviornmental

Question 15

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 15

Phagocytosis is where a ccell englufs a particle such as a pathogen. E.g., a macrophage can eliminate a pathogen by phagocytosis.

Question 16

What do you understand by the term antigen?

Answer 16

An antigen is a chemical associated with a specific pathogen. It triggers an immune response in the body, and might be a protein of a virus o a bacterial toxin.

Question 17

Which cells make antibodies?

Answer 17

Antibodies are made by B cells (lymphocytes) that can bind to an antigen.

Question 18

What is a mutagen?

Answer 18

Mutagens are a chemical or a physical agent that causes mutations in the DNA such as chemicals, drugs, and ionising radiations.

Question 19

Briefly define enviornmental diseases. List 4 examples.

Answer 19

Enviornmental diseases are diseases caused by a factor in the enviornment. This includes alcohol, glue or a microplastic inhalation, and heavy metal posioning.