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Science > Science Planets > Flashcards

Science Planets Flashcards

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1
Q

Solar System

A

The sun and its family of orbiting planets moons and other objects

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2
Q

Galaxy

A

Millions or billions of stars held together in a group by their own gravity

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3
Q

Universe

A

Space and all of the energy and matter in it

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4
Q

Satellite

A

An object that orbits a more massive object

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5
Q

Impact crater

A

A round put left behind on the surface of a planet or other body in space after a smaller object strikes the surface

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6
Q

Axis of Rotation

A

An imaginary line about which a turning body such as earth rotates

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7
Q

Revolution

A

The motion of one body around another such as earth in its orbit around the sun

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8
Q

Season

A

One part of a pattern of temperature changes and other weather trends over the course of a year

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9
Q

Equinox

A

A time of the year when daylight and darkness and nearly equal for most of earth

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10
Q

Solstice

A

The time of year when days are longest or shortest

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11
Q

Mare

A

A large dark plain of solidified lava on the moon

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12
Q

Eclipse

A

An event during which one object in space a shadow onto another

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13
Q

Unbra

A

The dark central region of a shadow

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14
Q

Penumbra

A

Lighter region of a shadow

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15
Q

Astronomical unit

A

Earths average distance from the sun

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16
Q

Ellipse

A

An oval or flattened circle

17
Q

Gas giant

A

A large planet that consists of mostly gases in a dense form

18
Q

Terrestrial planet

A

Earth or a planet similar to earth with a rocky surface

19
Q

Asteroid

A

A small solid rocky body that orbits the sun

20
Q

Comet

A

A small icy body that orbits the sun

21
Q

Meteor

A

A brief streak of light produced by a small particle entering earths atmosphere

22
Q

Meteorite

A

A small object that passes through earths atmosphere and reaches the surface

23
Q

Geocentric

A

having or representing the earth as the center, as in former astronomical systems.

24
Q

Heliocentric

A

having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system.

25
Q

Gravity

A

The force that objects exert on each other because of their mass

26
Q

Tide

A

the alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun.

27
Q

Waxing

A

the moon at any time after new moon and before full moon, so called because its illuminated area is increasing. Compare waning moon

28
Q

Waning

A

The word crescent refers to the phases where the moon is less than half illuminated. The word gibbous refers to phases where the moon is more than half illuminated. Waxing essentially means “growing” or expanding in illumination, and waning means “shrinking” or decreasing in illumination.

29
Q

Gibbous moon

A

An easy way to remember and understand those “between” lunar phase names is by breaking out and defining 4 words: crescent, gibbous, waxing, and waning. The word crescent refers to the phases where the moon is less than half illuminated. The word gibbous refers to phases where the moon is more than half illuminated

30
Q

Crescent moon

A

between a half moon and a new moon, or between a new moon and a half moon. FULL MOON. A full moon appears as an entire circle in the sky. The full moon is given different names, depending on when it appears

31
Q

Full moon

A

the phase of the moon in which its whole disk is illuminated.

32
Q

New moon

A

In astronomy, new moon is the first phase of the Moon, when it orbits as seen from the Earth, the moment when the Moon and the Sun have the same ecliptical longitude. The Moon is not visible [note 1] at this time except when it is seen in silhouette during a solar eclipse when it is illuminated by earthshine.

33
Q

Quarter moon

A

As the moon waxes (the amount of illuminated surface as seen from Earth is increasing), the lunar phases progress through new moon, crescent moon, first-quarter moon, gibbous moon, and full moon. The moon is then said to wane as it passes through the gibbous moon, third-quarter moon, crescent moon and back to new moon.

34
Q

Orbit

A

The path of an object in space as it moves around another object due to gravity

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