Science P5 Unit 3 Digestive system Flashcards
Digestion
the process in which the food we eat is broken down into simple substances that are small enough to enter our bloodstream.
What is the digestive tract made of?
Mouth, Gullet, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum, Anus
What is the function of the teeth in digesting food?
it chews food into smaller pieces.
What softens the food in our mouth?
Saliva. The digestive juice in saliva partially digests the food.
What is the role of the tongue in digestion?
it rolls the food into small balls before the food is swallowed.
What is the function of the gullet?
it pushes down food from the mouth to the stomach
The muscles in our digestive tract _______ and _______ to move food through our digestive system.
contract, relax
How long does food stay in our stomach?
2 to 6 hours
What is gastric juice?
it mixes with food in the stomach to break it fown into smaller pieces.
Where does the process of digestion end in our digestive tract?
small intestine
Food passes into this very long muscular tube a little at a time. What is this tube?
small intestine
What is the role of the large intestine?
it is where undigested food, together with tater and minerals, are passed into.
The water and minerals are absorbed and faeces is left behind.
Where is the faeces stored temporarily before they are removed from the body?
Rectum
Faeces are removed from the body through the _______.
Anus
Look at these symptoms. What illness is this?
- stomach pain
- feeling full, burping and passing of gas
- loss of appetite
- vomiting
Gastritis.
(the swelling of the lining of the stomach)
Look at these symptoms. What illness is this?
- stomach pain
- bloating
- loss of appetite and weight
- nausea and vomiting
- dark and bloody stools
Peptic ulcer
(sores that form in the lining of the stomach)
Look at these symptoms. What illness is this?
- heartburn (burning pain in the lower chest)
- regurgitation (food being brought up again into the mouth)
- nausea or vomiting
- difficulty with swallowing
- pain when swallowing
- sore throat
- cough
Reflux disease
(contents of the stomach move backwards into the gullet, so the gullet walls or the back of the throat become sore and damaged.)
Look at these descriptions. What illness is this?
- stomach ache related to diarrhoea or constipation
- the ache usually goes away after faeces are removed from the body
Irritable bowel syndrome
TRUE or FALSE?
Irritable bowel syndrome is often caused by an infection of the digestive tract or food poisoning
TRUE
What can make the symptoms of gastritis worse?
- eating spicy, fatty and fried foods
- drink alcohol, coffee, and drinks like orange or lemon juice.
TRUE or FALSE?
Eating dairy products will make the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome better.
FALSE.
It may worsen the symptoms.
3 ways to aid digestion
- eat more fruit and vegetables
- drink plenty of water
- chew food properly
What are the advantages of eating vegetables and fruit?
They are rich in fibre which helps move food along the digestive tract more easily.
It helps us pass out waste more easily.
Why do we need to store uncooked food in the refrigerator or freezer?
The cold environment slows down the activities of the germs that can cause food to turn bad.
So, food can be kept longer.
4 ways of storing food correctly in the freezer and refrigerator
- Store raw food and cooked food separately.
- Store food that goes bad quickly in the refrigerator as soon as possible.
- Store cooked food in covered containers.
- Separate fruits and vegetables from raw meat.
Why should we wash fruit and vegetables thoroughly before eating them?
It helps remove any insects or substances that may upset our digestive system
The date today is 4 August 2020. The date on the food packaging says “Exp 28.07.2020”. Is it still safe to eat the food?
No. The food is expired.
What are the 9 main parts of a chicken’s digestive system?
- Beak
- Gullet
- Crop
- Proventriculus
- Gizzard
- Small intestine
- Caecum
- Large intestine
- Cloaca
What are the 7 main parts of a cow’s digestive system?
- Mouth
- Gullet
- Stomach with 4 pouches
- Small intestine
- Caecum
- Large intestine
- Anus
What is constipation?
condition in which the faeces are hardened and difficult to pass out
What is diarrhoea?
condition in which faeces are passed out frequently and in a liquid or semi-liquid form
