Science mq4 Flashcards
The production of new cells to bring about growth, replacement of damaged cells and the production of new generations of individuals among some groups of organisms can happen through one of the wonderful processes taking place in the body of living things
Cell Division
It is responsible in the increase in weight and height of the baby girl as she grew and developed into a teenager.
Mitosis
Mitosis takes place in our body cells called what?
Somatic Cells
takes place in the ovaries and testes of animals, including humans.
Meiosis
New cells are formed through cell division. This is one important breakthrough that was discovered by who?
Rudolf Virchow
When did Rudolf Virchow discover that new cells are formed through cell division?
1858
is a stage that involves the replication of the chromosomes into two similar equal parts.
Interphase
In this stage, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to breakdown.
Prophase
is described as the resting stage, resting because the cell is not dividing but is very active in performing metabolic activities.
Interphase
The chromatins change until they become double-stranded and are called what?
chromatids
What are the stages of Mitosis (in order)
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
It is the final stage of mitosis. The chromosomes now have reached the opposite poles.
Telophase
Forces originating from the poles pull the chromatids to move.
Anaphase
What is the other term for mouth?
Buccal cavity
Process wherein food is broken down into smaller molecules that the body cells can utilize
Digestion
Saliva contains the salivary what?
amylase and ptyalin
Used to break down foods into smaller pieces
Teeth
adapted to break down food mechanically and chemically
Mouth
a wave-like contraction
Peristalsis
Produce most of the saliva in your mouth
salivary glands
A muscular tube that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus
Enables to taste food
Muscular Tongue
pear-shaped organ that is connected to the distal end of the esophagus.
Stomach
The stomach’s interior walls are folded and contain numerous what? They are composed of cells that secrete materials important in the digestive process.
gastric glands
In this stage, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to breakdown. The chromatins change until they become double-stranded and are called chromatids.
Prophase
The churning action of the stomach changes the bolus into a semi-fluid consistency.
Chyme
The double-stranded chromosomes called chromatids align themselves at the equator of the cell.
Metaphase
In what phase do the spindle fibers begin to become well developed?
Prophase
Each chromatid is attached to the spindle by a structure in the centromere called what?
kinetochore
What is the difference between Prophase I and Prophase II
In Prophase I, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to break down. Whilst in II, that’s when the spindle fibers begin to develop well.
What is the difference between the Metaphase in meiosis and mitosis?
there is a pairing of the homologous chromosomes (called synapsis), forming a tetrad.
What is the difference between metaphase I and II?
In I, the homologous chromosomes line up in pairs (and according to the ppt, in a horizontal manner) whilst in II, the single chromosomes that aren’t in pair line up in the midline of the cell (in a vertical manner).
double-stranded chromosomes
chromatids
