Science ~ Movement Flashcards
What is a group of cells called
Tissue
What is tissue made of
Cells
What is a group of tissues called
An organ
What is an organ
Tissues working together to perform a specific function
What is a group of organs called
An organ system
What is an organ system
Organs working together to perform a specific function
What is a group of organ systems called
An organisms
What is an organism
Organ systems working together as a living thing
What is the human skeleton made of
206 Bones
What attaches to bones
Muscles
What do muscles and bones help us do
Move around
Bones are made of different types of ______
Tissue
What is the outer layer of bone made of
Hard tissue which makes the bones rigid
What is the middle layer of bone made out of
Spongy tissue which is quite strong
What is the centre of bone made of
A soft tissue called bone marrow
What are the 4 main functions of the skeleton
Protection, Support, production of blood cells, movement
What does bone marrow produce
Blood cells
How are muscles attached to bones
Tendons
What happens when a muscle contracts
It applies force to the bone, it’s attached to which makes the bone move 
What are muscles found in
Pairs
What are muscles round
Joints
What is a tendon
A tough band that does not stretch to allow movement 
What are antagonistic muscles
Pairs of muscles that work against each other
What happens when one muscle contracts ( shortens )
The other relaxes ( lengthens )
What is the study of forces acting on the body?
Biomechanics 
What is a pivot?
The point around which something rotates 
What is a lever
A bar attached to a pivot
What is a turning effect? 
When a force acts on something that has a pivot
What is involved when a force act on the body? 
Pivot, levers and moments
What is another word for turning effect?
Moment 
How do you calculate moment?
Force times perpendicular distance 
What is perpendicular distance? 
The distance at a right angle from the pivot to the line of force 
What does the muscle have to do to keep the arm still when force is applied? 
It has to counteract that force and keep it equal 
What is the force equation?
Moment divided by perpendicular distance
What is a ball and socket?
A joint that allows movement in all directions
What is a hinge?
A joint that allows movement, backwards and forwards
What is a ligament?
Tissue that can stretch slightly to allow movement
What is cartilage?
Tissue that is smooth to allow movement
What is a fixed joint?
A joint that does not allow movement
Why is cartilage and fluid needed in a joint?
Cartilage and fluid and needed a joint to prevent friction in the bones, rubbing together
