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SCIENCE 10 #1ST > SCIENCE MONTHLY EXAM 1ST QUARTER > Flashcards

SCIENCE MONTHLY EXAM 1ST QUARTER Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The outermost layer of earth, it is where life exist. It is a less dense layer. 5 - 70 km thick.

A

CRUST

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2
Q

the outermost layer of Earth’s lithosphere that makes up the planet’s continents and continental shelves

A

CONTINENTAL CRUST

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3
Q

is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates

A

OCEANIC CRUST

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4
Q

continental crust is made out of ?

A

GRANITE

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5
Q

oceanic crust is made out of?

A

BASALT

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6
Q

it’s the Largest Layer of earth

A

MANTLE

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7
Q

It is the only liquid layer of earth, also responsible for the magnetic field.

A

OUTER CORE

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8
Q

the hottest layer of earth, it’s made of solid iron. 6000 celsius.

A

INNER CORE

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9
Q

The outermost layer of the earth, A rigid layer that can break under stress.

A

LITHOSPHERE

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10
Q

This is where two plates move away from each other. Molten rock from the mantle erupts along the opening, forming new crust.

A

DIVERGENT

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11
Q

what are the 2 types of layers ?

A

MECHANICAL LAYERS
COMPOSITIONAL LAYERS

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12
Q

it contains the same material as the mantle but pressure and heat are increased.

A

ASTHENOSPHERE

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13
Q

Located between the crust and the upper mantle.

A

MOHORIVICIC DISCONTINUITY

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14
Q

Located between the lower mantle and the outer core.

A

GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY

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15
Q

Located between the liquid outer core and solid inner core.

A

LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY

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16
Q

Croatian geophysics concluded that the crust is less dense material and that the mantle consists of a denser material.

A

ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC

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16
Q

Croatian geophysics concluded that the crust is less dense material and that the mantle consists of a denser material.

A

ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC

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17
Q

detected by highly sensitive instruments called

A

SEISMOMETERS

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18
Q

seismic waves are recorded by? or what instrument is used to record the seismic waves?

A

SEISMOGRAPHS

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19
Q

travel through the inner layers of earth.

A

BODY WAVES

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20
Q

travels through the surface of the earth.

A

SURFACE WAVES

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of seismic waves?

A

BODY WAVES and SURFACE WAVES

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22
Q

waves are the first to be felt on earth’s surface. Travels at speeds 1.5 and 8 kilometers per seconds. It shakes the ground back and forth. It can pass through solid and liquid sections. But retracts or bend as they pass through liquids.

A

P WAVES / PRIMARY WAVES

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23
Q

type of body wave are are transverse waves,
Which are felt up and down motion. waves that cannot go through liquids.

A

S WAVES / SECONDARY WAVES

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24
Q

This was the reason why scientist successfully learned about the structures of earth by?

A

SEISMIC WAVES

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25
Q

What are the 2 types of BODY WAVES?

A

PRIMARY WAVES and SECONDARY WAVES

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26
Q

Earth began as a single landmass or supercontinent called?

A

PANGEA

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27
Q

This is one of the earliest theories on the changing geography and surface topography of earth was the

A

THE CONTRACTION THEORY

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28
Q

who and when was the contraction theory proposed?

A

EDUARD SUESS in the Early 20th century

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29
Q

This theory suggested that as earth cooled after its formation, it’s surface contracted and wrinkled.

A

THE CONTRACTION THEORY

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30
Q

The supercontinent was surrounded by a vast sea or super ocean called?

A

PANTHALASSA

31
Q

The contraction theory was superseded by the theory

A

THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY BY ALFRED WEGENER

32
Q

When did Alfred Wegener Proposed the Continental Drift theory?

A

1912

33
Q

ALFRED WEGENER’ OBSERVATIONS

A

The apparent fit of the eastern coastline of south america and western coastline of africa.

Similarities of plant and animal fossils in South America and some parts of the African continent, which were separated by a vast ocean.

Similarities in the sequences of rock layers of opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

34
Q

the supercontinent would later break into 2 smaller continents and they are?

A

GONDWANA and LAURASIA

35
Q

Is composed of Africa, Antarctica, South America, Australia and the subcontinent of India.

A

GONDWANA

36
Q

was the precursor to Asia, North America and Europe.

A

LAURASIA

37
Q

the continental drift theory of Alfred wegeners’ was coined by South African?

A

Alexander du Toit in 1937

38
Q

American geologist who proposed the seafloor spreading theory in the 1960’s.

A

HARRY HESS

39
Q

A professor and a geologist that predicts that the continents will reform into a supercontinent.

A

CHRISTOPHER SCOTESE

40
Q

either push tectonic plates toward one another or pull them apart.

A

DRIVING FORCES

41
Q

is caused by the rising of heat from the core toward the mantle

A

MANTLE CONVECTION

42
Q

It takes place when a subducting slab sinks into the hot mantle because of a difference in temperature.

A

SLAB PULL

43
Q

It occurs when the lithosphere is pushed up by the asthenosphere because of convection currents from the mantle.

A

RIDGE PUSH

44
Q

they act against the driving forces of plate tectonics

A

RESISTING FORCES

45
Q

occurs when a heavy plate is pulled into the mantle but resists subduction because of friction. This force opposes the slab pull.

A

COLLISIONAL RESISTANCE

46
Q

is the frictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two spreading centers.

A

TRANSFORM FAULT RESISTANCE

47
Q

this is what causes the plates to move.

A

FORCE

48
Q

is a region or deformed rocks?

A

OROGENIC BELT

49
Q

the lithosphere is composed of major and minor blocks called

A

TECTONIC PLATES

50
Q

THE CRUST

A
  • SOLID ROCKS /AND OR GRANITIC ROCKS AND MINERALS
  • 5 to 70 KM THICK
  • ALUMINUM SILICATES, MAGNESIUM SILICATES ( DENSE BASALTIC ROCKS)
  • 200°C to 400°C
51
Q

THE MANTLE

A
  • MOSTLY SOLID
  • FERRO-MAGNESIUM SILICATE ROCKS
    -2900 km thick
    -1000°C to 3700°C
52
Q

THE OUTER CORE

A
  • ( MOLTEN ) NICKEL AND IRON
  • LIQUID IRON AND NICKEL
  • 2270 KM THICK
  • 3700°C to 4300°C
53
Q

THE INNER CORE

A
  • SOLID IRON
  • IRON NICKEL
  • 1220 KM THICK
  • 6000°C
54
Q

is caused by the rising of heat from the core toward thr mantle

A

mantle convection

55
Q

it takes place when a subducting slab sinks into hot mantle because of a difference in temperature

A

Samp pull

56
Q

when the lithosphere is pushed up by thr aesthenosphere because of convection currents from the mantle

A

Ridge push

57
Q

it acts againts the driving forces of plate tectonics

A

Resisting forces

58
Q

when a heavy plate is pulled into the mantle but resists subduction because of frisction

A

collisional resistance

59
Q

is the frictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two
spreading centers

A

transform
fault

60
Q

this is where two plates moves away from each other

A

Divergent

61
Q

refers to the process of forming mountains and mountain ranges.

A

orogenesis

62
Q

is a combination of strike slip and dip slip

A

oblique-slip fault

63
Q

nearly vertical fault plaed or surfaces slide in parallel but oppostite directions

A

strike-slip fault

64
Q

refers to the movement of faults along the angle of the fault plane

A

Dip-slip

65
Q

the angle of movement is called

A

dip

66
Q

while the movment is called

A

slip

67
Q

dip slips are classified into two

A

normal fault and reverse fault

68
Q

it is a type of reverse fault where the angle of the dip is 45° or less

A

thrust fault

69
Q

the point within earth where rocks break and where seismic energy id first released

A

focus or hypocenter

70
Q

refers to the process of forming mountains and mountain ranges

A

orogenesis

71
Q

when a comtinental plate is subducted beneath another continental

A

fold mountains

72
Q

these structures accumulate lave flows

A

volcno mountain ranges

73
Q

rock erosion or weathering

A

erosion-formed mountain ranges

74
Q

upwraping of tectonic plates

A

dome mountain ranges

75
Q

the movement of faults causes tensional forces

A

fault block mountain ranges

SCIENCE 10 #1ST (1 decks)

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