[Science] Mineral & Rock Study Guide 11/03/22

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms

Question 2

Crystal

Answer 2

An orderly arrangement of atoms in a repeating pattern, that forms from mineral grains

Question 3

Gem

Answer 3

A mineral that has been cut and cleaned, mainly to be sold, and is very valuable as it is rare and beautiful

Question 4

Ore

Answer 4

A mineral deposit that contains minerals that can be mined and contains useful substances

Question 5

Principle of the Conservation of Matter

Answer 5

When minerals or rocks become different types of minerals or rocks, no matter is created or destroyed as the previous rock undergoes processes to become different minerals

Question 6

Rock

Answer 6

A solid mass formed from different minerals and other nonliving substances

Question 7

Igneous Rock

Answer 7

A rock formed from cooled magma or lava

Question 8

Magma

Answer 8

Molten rock deep inside the Earth

Question 9

Lava

Answer 9

When magma reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes

Question 10

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 10

Rock that forms from magma below the surface

Question 11

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 11

Rock that forms from lava that cools on or above Earth’s surface

Question 12

Gas Bubbles

Answer 12

Rocks or geodes that form from gas bubbles in magma or lava

Question 13

Igneous Rock Textures

Answer 13

Intrusive Igneous Rock, Extrusive Igneous Rock, & Gas Bubbles

Question 14

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 14

Rocks that have changed because of changes in temperature and pressure or chemical reactions

Question 15

Foliated

Answer 15

Produced when mineral grains line up in parallel layers

Question 16

Nonfoliated

Answer 16

Produced when the mineral grains grow and rearrange, but they don’t form in layers

Question 17

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 17

Rocks formed when sediments pressed and cemented together, or when minerals form from solutions

Question 18

Sediments

Answer 18

Particles of rock or minerals ranging in size from clay to giant boulders

Question 19

Weathering

Answer 19

The chemical or physical breakdown of rocks, solids or minerals at Earth’s surface

Question 20

Erosion

Answer 20

Bits and pieces of rock being carried from one place to another due to natural causes

Question 21

Compaction

Answer 21

When minerals, rocks or sediments are pressed and compacted together, forming a new rock

Question 22

Cementation

Answer 22

When substances that have hardened or crystallized in the spaces between loose sediments

Question 23

Detrital Sedimentary Rock

Answer 23

Rocks made from broken fragments of other rocks that are compacted and cemented together to form a solid rock

Question 24

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

Answer 24

Rocks formed when dissolved minerals come out of solution

Question 25

Organic Sedimentary Rock

Answer 25

Rocks formed from the remains of once-living things