Science Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What is potential energy?
the amount of energy that is stored in an object
What is kinetic energy?
the energy an object has because of its motion
An object will remain at rest unless acted by and unbalanced force. (Often called “the law of intera”)
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass, the greater the amount of force needed.
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
What is the difference between heat and temperature
Heat is the energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object.
How can heat be transferred from one object to another
Heat can be transferred from one object to another by radiation, conduction, or convection.
What are some examples of kinetic energy
a rolling ball, a swinging rope, a vibrating spring, small particles moving in matter (such as particles in air or water)
What are some examples of potential energy
the energy in a book resting on a table above the ground, a stretched rubber band, and a battery.
Name the order of the waves from left to right on the electromagnetic spetrum
Radio Waves, Microwave, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays.
What is wave length
The distance between the troughs and the peaks of a wave.
What is frequency
the number of cycles a wave completes in a period of time
What is an amplitude
the height of a wave
What is straight line motion
the motion along a straight line
What are the 4 states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
What are the particles like in a solid
The particles are packed closely together
What are the particles like in a liquid
The particles are closely together but not tightly packed
What are the particles like in a gas
The particles are spread very far apart
What are the characteristic properties of matter
mass, weight, volume, density, state, and phase.
Why do people need transportation
People need transportation to get from one place to another. Transportation allows people to get to work, school, needs and goods.
How do different forms of transportation meet people’s transportation needs
Bicycles are useful for short distances in good weather. Automobiles can carry people quickly and efficiently within their communities and regions. Trucks and trains can carry heavy cargo. Ships can carry cargo over seas and airplanes are useful for traveling long distance quickly.
What factors influence a community’s choice for transportation
Communities continue to build new roads and highways and improve existing ones. Many cities are also developing bike paths, and is a low cost.
What are the 4 forces that effect the motion of transportation
up, down, forward, and backward.
What things are used for transportation
vehicles, bikes, trains, ships, and trucks
What is motion
a change in position over time
What causes an object to speed up or slow down
Unbalanced forces acting on an object can change the object’s speed, causing it to speed up or slow down.
