science MIDTERM Flashcards
Define model and what makes it workable.
A model is a workable explanation or description of a phenomenon that may be physical, conceptual or mathematical. And what makes it workable is the basis upon which a model is assessed on and explains and makes predictions.
Define physical science
Define physical science
The study of matter and energy and their interactions
Know the difference between precision and accuracy, and how each is determined.
precision refers to the consitinecy closeness of multiple measurements to each other. it is determined by the consistency of the measurments and accuracy is clossnes
Know the steps in scientific inquiry and examples of each.
observation
possing questions
research
hypothesis
?
investigation
analysis
conclusion
communication
Be able to convert between SI measures (g to mg, mps (m/s) to kph (k/h), s to h, etc) (NOTE CARD)
g to mg is multiply by 1000
m/s to k/h multiply by 3.6
seconds to hours divide by3600
Know the common SI measures and what they measure (NOTECARD)
meter kilogram seconds amperer kelvin mole and candela, they measure length mass time elctric current temperature and time
Know the formula for density and be able to use it to calculate density, mass, or volume
D=m/v
Know characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases
solid: atoms vibrate in fixed positions
liquid: the state of matter in which particles are closed but able to move around
gases: the state of matter in which particles are far apart move rapidly and have little interaction with eachother.
The Law of Conservation of matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Be able to identify the parts of an atom, and how atomic number and atomic mass are determined
protons
neutrons
electrons
atomic number is the number protons in the nucleus
atomic mass is sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Identify periods, groups, and families on the periodic table, know what they have in common, which ones have greater/less electronegativity, greater/less radius
periods are the horizontal rows
groups are vertical columns
each group represents family of elements that share similar chemical and physical properties
Determine the number of valence electrons in an element according to its family.
the number of ve in an element is by its position in the periodic table specifically its group number for main group elements
Compare the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
metals are hard and shiney and goof conductors
nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity
metalloids are combination of both
explain how the octet rule guides chemical bonding.
this is by predicting that atoms will form bonds in a way that allows each atom to have eight electrons in its valence shell achieving a stable electron configuration
define chemical bond
attractive force that holds atoms together in molecules or crystals
compare elements and compounds
elements are pure mad up of one type of atom while compounds are made of two or more and also pure
Compare the role of electrons in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding
in ionic bonding atoms are transfered from one atom to another creating charged ions that attract each other
in covalent electrons are shared between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration
in metallic electrons are delocalized and can move about freely throughout the metal
Interpret the Lewis structure for simple compounds.
this involves identifying the atoms, their valence electrons, and the bonds between them.
Create a Lewis structure for simple compounds.
how did u do
Explain why double and triple bonds form using the octet rule
these form as a result of atoms sharing electrons to satisfy the octet rule.
Relate polarity to bonds and molecules
polarity is through the uneven distribution of electrical charge
a precise measure means
measuring to the smallest measure
composed of molecules of elements arranged in specific ratios is…
compound
evenly distributy in a water solution is…
homogenous
matter can neither be created nor destroyed
matter can change forms
the amount of matter cannot change
law of conservation of matter
the atomic mass of an element
the weighted average of the most common isotopes
most likley to form a cation
group 1
most likley to form a anion
group 17
alkali metals are in
group 1
octet rule has been fulfiled
group 18
on the periodic table element arranged by their
atomic number
which element would have smallest atomic radius
flourine
which element would have the highest radius
flourine
two nonmetals with simialar elctronegativitys would form
covalent bonds
a chemical bond between alkali metal and a halogen would form
an ionic bond
