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Science Mid Term Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do protons have a positive or negative charge?

A

Positive +

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2
Q

Are electrons positively or negatively charged?

A

They have a negative charge -

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3
Q

What charge do neutrons have?

A

They have NO CHARGE

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4
Q

What is an atom made of?

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of non-metals

A 
Gas
Solid or liquid 
Not shiny
Does not produce heat or light
Breaks easily
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6
Q

What are some characteristics of metals

A

Shiny
Produces light and heat
Malleable

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7
Q

How are the elements categorized?

A

They are placed in families or groups if they have similar chemical behaviours

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8
Q

What is the name of the first column?

A

Alkali metals

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9
Q

What is the name of the second column?

A

Alkali earth metals

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10
Q

What is the name of the 17th column?

A

Halogens

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11
Q

What is the name of the 18th column

A

Noble gases

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12
Q

Each row is call what?

A

A period

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13
Q

True or false: the elements in each period have the same number of shells

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: the number of shells decrease as we go down the periodic table

A

False

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15
Q

Who invented the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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16
Q

How many valence electrons does argon have (Ar)

A

8 valence electrons

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17
Q

Have many electrons can the first first orbital layer have?

A

2 electrons

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18
Q

Why do all the elements want to be like noble gases?

A

Because they are all stable since they have 8 electrons

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19
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

It states that atoms are not destroyed or created but simply rearranged and transformed into new molecules

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20
Q

What are some characteristics of an acid

A

Sour taste
Turns blue litmus red
Reacts with some metals
They release h+ in water

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21
Q

What are some characteristics or a base

A

Bitter taste
Turns red litmus blue
Slippery to the touch
Releases OH- ions

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22
Q

How do you identify an acid?

A

Begins with H (hydrogen) and ends with a non mental

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23
Q

How do you identify a base?

A

Begins with a metal and ends with OH (hydroxide)

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24
Q

What is an example of an acid with a pH of 2?

A

Lemon juice

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25
Q

What is an example of a base with a pH of 14?

A

NaOH

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26
Q

What is neutralization?

A

When an acid combines with a base to form salt and water

27
Q

What do atoms do to be like noble gases

A

They give or take their valence electrons

28
Q

How do we know it is not an electrolyte?

A

It does not break up in water
It contains C and OH
It starts with a non metal

29
Q

How do we know it is an electrolyte?

A

It dissociates
It contains an acid, a base or a salt
It starts with a metal

30
Q

What is the definition of an electrolyte?

A

Substances when dissolved in water conducts electricity

31
Q

How do electrolytes work?

A

When dissolved in water ions and positively charged and negatively charge atoms are produced

32
Q

What is an example of a non-electrolyte?

A

Glucose(sugar)

33
Q

What is an example of an electrolyte?

A

Salt (NaCl)

34
Q

What is a strong electrolyte?

A

When it is completely ionized when dissolved and no neutral molecules are formed in a solution

35
Q

What is synthesis?

A

Two elements combines to form a molecule

36
Q

What is decomposition?

A

When a molecule breaks apart to form two elements

37
Q

What is combustion?

A

It is a reaction of a fuel with an oxidant to give out heat. The release of heat can produce light into the form of a flame

38
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

A natural process that warms the earths surface

39
Q

What raises the levels of greenhouse gases

A

Burning fossil fuels and farming

40
Q

What are some greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon dioxide
Méthane
Nitrous oxide
Fluoridated gases

41
Q

What is global warming

A

Rise in global temperatures due to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

42
Q

What is climate change?

A

The increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time - including precipitation, temperature and wind patterns

43
Q

What are some types of energy

A 
Tidal 
Wind 
Solar
Biomass 
Wave
Hydroelectric 
Geothermal 
Coal 
Nuclear
44
Q

What is fission?

A

The action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts

45
Q

What is fusion?

A

The process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity

46
Q

Fission can create what kind of energy?

A

Nuclear energy

47
Q

The water cycle shows what?

A

The continuous movement of water within the earth and atmosphere

48
Q

What is ocean circulation

A

Large scale movement of waters in the oceans basins

49
Q

Does cold water go down or up

A

Down

50
Q

Does warm water go down or up

A

Up

51
Q

What is salinity?

A

Amount of salt in a solution

52
Q

What is catchment area

A

Area at the bottom that accumulates the surface runoff

53
Q

What is permafrost?

A

A layer of permanently frozen snow or a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions

54
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

Albédo is an expression of the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight. Light. Imputed surfaced return a large part of the sun rays back to the atmosphere. Dark surfaces absorb the ways from the sun

55
Q

What is pack ice?

A

Ice that floats on the water

56
Q

True or false: when pack ice melts ocean levels rise

A

False

57
Q

What is a consequence of pack ice melting

A

Loss of habitat because they depend on pack ice to live. Decrease in albedo effect

58
Q

What are glaciers?

A

Accumulations of snow and ice on land

59
Q

What are some consequences of glaciers melting?

A

Increase in sea levels, slowing of thermohaline circulation, affects the salinity and decreases the albedo effect

60
Q

What is permafrost?

A

A layer of permanently frozen sol found in the polar regions and or high altitudes

61
Q

What is the active layer

A

A layer that thaws only in the summer

62
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes permafrost

A) all the frozen water on the earths surface
B) a layer of soil frozen for more than 2 years
C) the snow which accumulates on the surface of glaciers
D) the upper layer of water which freezes when in contact with cold air

A

B

63
Q

What are some consequences of the permafrost melting?

A
  • the land above it sinks or changes shapes
  • soil is more vulnerable to erosion
  • landslides can occur because of the melted soil slips off the frozen layer underneath
  • carbon dioxide and methane are released to the atmosphere leading to the intensification of the greenhouse effect
  • the type and number of plant species growing on the soil may change
  • primary productivity will increase
64
Q

True or false

Increasing of primary productivity is a consequence of the melting of permafrost?

A

True

Science Mid Term (2 decks)

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