Science Mastery check

Question 1

Earth’s Hydrosphere is a layer of

1)rock
2)Air
3)lava
4)water

Answer 1

is (4) water

Question 2

Which geologic process is represented in the diagram

(1) Faulting
(2) Weathering
(3) metamorphism
(4) Volcanism

Answer 2

(2) Weathering

Question 3

Which process changes the water vapor into water droplets ?

Answer 3

Condensation is the process in which water changes into water droplets.

Question 4

Which process in the water cycle is represented by arrow x, where water flows over land to the ocean?

Answer 4

water flows over land to the ocean, this process is called runoff.

Question 5

Explain how the diagram indicates the trilobites are older than the other fossils shown?

Answer 5

The diagram shows how the trilobites are the oldest by, placing them at the bottom.

Question 6

Identify ONE factor that has caused some species to become extinct

Answer 6

A factor that caused some species to become extinct is, water pollution, caused by us humans.

Question 7

Identify the heat-transfer process represented by the arrows in the diagram.

Answer 7

convection currents

Question 8

Which type of fossil is found the most recently formed sedimentary rock?

Answer 8

(1) Early horses ,

Explanation: They’re at the top meaning they’re young.

Question 9

Which evidence has led scientists to conclude that there are different layers within Earth’s layers?

Answer 9

(1) Analysis of earthquakes

Question 10

Which earth layer contains convection currents that are believed to be responsible for the movement of earth’s tectonic plates?

Answer 10

(2) Mantle

Question 11

The relatively thin layer of rock at Earth’s surface is called?

Answer 11

(3) Lithosphere

Question 12

Which statement best describes the geologic history of this section of earth?

Answer 12

(2) sediments were deposited differently on each side of the fault.

Question 13

The Inference that Earth’s interior has an outer core and inner core is based on studies of ?

Answer 13

(1) Earthquake wave data

Question 14

Which property of a mineral is tested by scratching it on a glass plate?

Answer 14

(4) Hardness

Question 15

earth’s surface has a relatively thin, solid outer shell called the ?

Answer 15

(4) Outer core

Question 16

1) Pieces of igneous rock are compressed and glued together to form a sedimentary rock

2) Metamorphic rock becomes a liquid and crystalizes to form igneous rock

3) Sedimentary rock is broken down into sediments and transported by a stream.

Answer 16

1)A
2)H
3) B

Question 17

Identify one factor that caused the ash cloud to spread in the direction indicated by the arrow in the diagram.

Answer 17

Wind

Question 18

Explain how the ash cloud caused the unusually cold summer in western Europe in 1783.

Answer 18

The ash cloud expanded to the atmosphere, blocking the sun’s rays, causing cold weather.

Question 19

Describe how the fossil locations on the map provide evidence that the continents of South America and America were once connected.

Answer 19

The fossil Cynognathus was found on America, and south America.

Question 20

Which set of Earth components is arranged in order from solid to liquid to gas?

Answer 20

(4) Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere

Question 21

The plunge pool at the bottom of the waterfall was formed mainly by?

Answer 21

(1) Deposition

Question 22

If the volumes of the two rocks are two equal rocks are equal, the rock with the greater density has a ?

Answer 22

(3) greater mass

Question 23

Which process was responsible for the displacement of the horizontal rock layers?

Answer 23

(4) Weathering

Question 24

The formation of rock fragments and soil is most likely the result of?

Answer 24

(1) Weathering

Question 25

Which process was responsible for the removal of soil?

Answer 25

(2) Erosion

Question 26

Which diagram represents folded rock layers?

Answer 26

(1)

Question 27

Identify one mineral on Mohs hardness scale that would be soft enough for an iron nail to scratch.

Answer 27

Fluorite

Question 28

Why is the property of hardness usually better to use to identify a mineral instead of the color of the mineral.

Answer 28

because, the hardness of the mineral, it can be used to help us differentiate minerals of the same color.

Question 29

Describe evidence from the map, other than the fossil record, that suggests that continents were once together as one landmass millions of years ago.

Answer 29

The continents seem to have been broken apart through erosion, representing pangea.

Question 30

Which two factors are mainly responsible for changing the surface features shown in section 1 into the surface features shown in cross section 2?

Answer 30

A Tilting and deposition

Question 31

As the depth below earth’s surface increases, the average density of earth’s interior…

Answer 31

(B) Increases only