science lesson 1-2

Question 1

Who was Wegener?

Answer 1

Alfred Wegener is best known for his contributions and his theory of continental drift. Wegener strongly believed that the continents were once all connected together which is what Pangaea was

Question 2

Who was Ortelius?

Answer 2

Abraham Ortelius is best known for his noticing of how South America and Africa looked like they could fit together. He was in the field of cartography which explains why he would notice the fitting of the two continents. Ortelius noticed that the two continents could fit together 300 years ago as well as he noticed that North America could fit with these continents as well.

Question 3

What is continental drift

Answer 3

Continental drift is the theory that Wegener came up with to explain why the continents were originally joined together millions of years ago. When the continents were joined together, they were called Pangaea.

Question 4

What is the crust made of

Answer 4

Oxygen, silicate, and metals

Question 5

How thick is the crust

Answer 5

30 km thick - 20 miles ——- ~7-40 km

Question 6

What is the state of matter of the crust

Answer 6

Solid

Question 7

What two types of crust is the crust made up of

Answer 7

There is oceanic crust and continental crust. Oceanic crust is crust in the ocean and continental crust is crust on the continents. Oceanic crust is under the continental crust and is closest to the lithosphere which is the rigid outer part of the earth; the crust and the upper mantle.

Question 8

What is the mantle made of

Answer 8

Silicate

Question 9

How thick are the mantles

Answer 9

2,900 km thick - 1,800 miles

Question 10

Whats the state of matter of the mantles

Answer 10

Solid/Liquid

Question 11

What 3 parts is the mantle made up of

Answer 11

The upper mantle, the middle mantle, and the lower mantle. The middle mantle has convection currents which are heat-driven cycles that are in the air, ocean, and mantle. The asthenosphere and lithosphere are located in the upper mantle. The asthenosphere is the upper layer of the Earth’s mantle where there is relatively low resistance to plastic and convection currents.

Question 12

What is the outer core made up of

Answer 12

Liquid iron and nickel

Question 13

How thick is the outer core

Answer 13

2,300 km thick - 1,400 miles

Question 14

Whats the state of matter of the outer core

Answer 14

Liquid

Question 15

What does the outer core undergoe

Answer 15

The outer core is a liquid which is very rare. It undergoes less pressure than the inner core causing it to be a liquid.

Question 16

Whats the inner core made of

Answer 16

Metals, iron, and nickel

Question 17

Whats the thickness of the inner core

Answer 17

1,200 km thick - 750 miles

Question 18

Whats the state of matter of the inner core

Answer 18

Solid

Question 19

Where does the inner core lie

Answer 19

The inner core lies under the outer core and is a solid. This is because it undergoes much more pressure than the outer core causing it to be solid.

Question 20

Lithosphere

Answer 20

the rigid outer part of the earth; the crust and the upper mantle. The lithosphere is also broken down into slowly moving pieces of rock called tectonic plates.

Question 21

Asthenosphere

Answer 21

the upper layer of the Earth’s mantle where there is relatively low resistance to plastic and convection currents.

Question 22

Convection Currents

Answer 22

heat-driven cycles that are in the air, ocean, and mantle.

Question 23

What is the ocean floor made up of

Answer 23

Igneous Rock

Question 24

What is on the ocean floor

Answer 24

There are mountain ranges on the ocean floor–the major one is known as the mid-ocean ridge

Question 25

How does the age of the ocean floor work

Answer 25

It is youngest near the mid-ocean ridge and oldest far from the mid-ocean ridge.

Question 26

Whats another word for the deep canyons on the ocean floor

Answer 26

trenches

Question 27

Whats in-between the crust and and tectonic plates?

Answer 27

nothing

Question 28

What is happening to tectonic plates

Answer 28

The tectonic plates are constantly moving and being recycled causing new plates to be born

Question 29

What’s parallel to the mid ocean ridge?

Answer 29

Marianas trench is parallel to the mid ocean ridge. This has something to do with the tectonic plate placement.

Question 30

What splits the continents

Answer 30

the mid ocean ridge

Question 31

What are the deep parts of the ocean created by

Answer 31

Trenches

Question 32

Where do volcanoes and earthquakes occur

Answer 32

at only high elevations

Question 33

Divergent boundary

Answer 33

when plates are separating from each other

Question 34

Convergent boundary

Answer 34

when plates are going towards each other

Question 35

where do earthquakes most commonly occur

Answer 35

Earthquakes most commonly occur on convergent boundaries