Science Lab Flashcards
The rate of change in velocity (increasing).
Acceleration
Substances that can donate hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction and measure as less than 7 on the pH scale.
Acids
Materials that change color with a change in pH.
Acid/Base Indicators
Medications designed to relieve an upset stomach; they work by neutralizing the acid in one’s stomach with alkalinity.
Antacids
States that the buoyant force of a fluid (gas or liquid, such as water) on an object as equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
Archimedes’ Principle
The amount of surface of an object.
Area
Substances that accept hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction and measure as more than 7 on the pH scale.
Bases
A solution that resists change in a pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added.
Buffer
An upward force.
Buoyant Force
Calculated with mass times the change in object’s velocity; change in momentum depends on how large the force is exerted.
Change in momentum
The force of friction divided by the force between the sliding surfaces involved.
Coefficient of Friction
A new substance made of elements with can only be separated b chemical means.
Compound
A region in a longitudinal wave of increased air density cause by air molecules being pushed together; a region where molecules are pushed together.
Compression
Describes a mirror or lens that curves inward.
Concave
Describes a mirror or lens that curves outward.
Convex
Materials that have less resistance to current than others; often used in electrical circuits.
Conductor
A measure of the rate of flow of electrons.
Current (Amperes)
The curve on a graph indicating the amount of material remaining during the process of nuclear decay of an item.
Decay Curve
A reaction in which one substance is broken down to form two or more substances.
Decomposition Reaction
A measurement of mass per unit of volume.
Density
A piece of transparent glass or metal with minutely spaced parallel lines scratched into its surface. These separate light into various colors, much like a prism would.
Diffraction Grating
The movement of one material through another material.
Diffusion
Separate into positive and negative ions; otherwise known as splitting into smaller ions/molecules/atoms.
Dissociate
Regions where the atoms magnetically align themselves, these regions are small magnets within a piece of metal.
Domains
A kind of chemical reaction.
Double Replacement
The work going into the activity.
Effort Work
A decomposition reaction where an electric current furnishes the energy needed to decompose one substance into two or more substances.
Electrolysis
Relating to magnetic fields or electric currents, specifically in relation to each other.
Electromagnetic
Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the outer regions of atoms.
Electrons
The capacity for performing work, and has several forms that can be converted from one to another.
Energy
A scientific means of testing a hypothesis or proving something to be true or untrue.
Experiment
Describes materials or substances that have electrons arranged in such a way that the individual atoms can act as very small magnets; these materials/substances are highly susceptible to magnetization.
Ferromagnetic
The distance from the center of a lens or mirror to its focus.
Focal Length
Where waves or rays converge following refraction or reflection.
Focal Point
Something that can change an object’s motion, a push or pull.
Force
The force that resists motion when one material slides over another (present whenever there is motion).
Friction
Stored energy an object has because of its position (height) and weight in a gravitational field.
Gravitational Potential Energy
The amount of time over which the radioactive element has changed half of itself.
Half-life
A special form of kinetic energy involving the random motion of atoms; thermal energy.
Heat
A mixture in which all of the components can be easily observed; each component is physically distinct.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which all of the components are uniform and not easily identified.
Homogenous Mixture
Devices that can measure the densities of solutions/liquids by floating at different depths.
Hydrometers
A tentative explanation or answer to a question prompted by the observations of a phenomenon; part of the scientific method.
Hypothesis
The reflection of an object.
Image
The change of momentum experienced by an object that is caused by a force acting on said object; impulse is used to describe how momentum is changed.
Impulse
The incoming light ray during reflection or refraction; ray of light that touches a surface to be reflected or refracted.
Incident Ray
The energy of an object has due to motion.
Kinetic Energy
An atom that does not have the same number of electrons or protons.
Ion
Occurs because of the transfer of one more valence electrons from one atom valence electrons from one atom to another; ions are held together because they have positive and negative charges.
Ionic Bonding
States that the total energy of a system is conserved (remains constant).
Law of Conservation of Energy
A method of measurement that uses mathematics to calculate the size of something too large or too small to measure by conventional means.
Indirect Measurement
States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (the reflection always occurs so the light ray leaves the mirror at the same angle it strikes the mirror).
Law of Reflection
Refers to a branch of mechanics that studies motion.
Kinematics
A common indicator that is red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
Litmus
The amount of matter in an object.
Mass
The curve on the surface of a liquid in a tube.
Meniscus
A wave that occurs when the motion of the wave is in the same direction as the motion of the particles in the material through which the wave moves; a wave that vibrates in the direction of the growth.
Longitudinal Wave
A region surrounding a magnet that can influence another magnet or some metal objects; this is produced by spinning electrons within the atoms.
Magnetic Field
Indicate the direction and strength of the magnetic field at any given point in the field; density or sparsity of the lines is used to communicate field strength.
Magnetic Lines
A component that is opposed to a power source (batteries or generators), and consumes the electric power that source produces. Examples of electrical loads include appliances and lights.
Load
Comprised of two or more substances that are not chemically combined; the compounds of a mixture can be separated if one knows their physical properties.
Mixture
A layer that is one molecule thick.
Monolayer
How quickly an object is moving. It can be calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the elapsed time.
Speed
Comprised of sound waves with a melody, harmony, and rhythm; an “art of sound” that expresses emotion. Generally considered to be pleasing to the ear (which sets it apart from noise).
Music
The distance from the force to the center of rotation.
Moment Arm
The likelihood of a force to cause rotation.
Moment (Torque)
A kind of chemical reaction.
Single Replacement
A measure of the energy of electrons. (SI unit per charge).
Voltage (Volts)
The charge of an ion when it has more electrons than protons.
Negative Charge
Subatomic particles that lack electric charge; found in the nucleus of almost all atoms.
Neutrons
Line perpendicular to the mirror surface or a transparent object.
Normal
The process by which a radioactive element transforms itself into another element by emitting a particle from its nucleus; the duration of which depends on the half-life of the material involved.
Nuclear Decay (Radioactive Decay)
What you view in the mirror during reflection (the image is its reflection) or what is viewed during refraction.
Object
See/note/perceive something.
Observe
Stored energy in an object, defined by its position in relation to some “zero” location.
Potential Energy
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution on a scale of 0-14 (in which a measurement of 7 is neutral, a measurement less than 7 is acidic, and a measure greater than 7 is alkaline).
pH Scale
The pole of a magnet is a region where the magnetic field is concentrated. North seeking and south-seeking poles are opposites, and attract each other, whereas like poles repel each other.
Pole
The charge of an ion when it has fewer electrons than protons.
Positive Charge
Describes the relationship between the current, voltage, and resistance. The law defines the relationship between the current, voltage, and resistance as: current equaling voltage divided by resistance.
Ohm’s Law (Created by George Ohm)
The highness or lowness of a sound, determined by frequency, or number, of vibrations per second.
Pitch
A procedure done in order to determine an answer, often to a research or research-type query.
Test
An object’s speed in a certain direction.
Velocity
A component of an electrical circuit that provides electricity.
Voltage Source
A hypothesis which has been tested by experimentation and is supported by copious amounts of data.
Theor
Defined as work performed per unit of time.
Power
When a substance becomes solid and is deposited from a solution.
Precipitation
The force per unit area.
Pressure
Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nuclei of atoms.
Protons
A simple machine that can increase a force, increase the distance over which force is applied, or change the direction of the force.
Pulley
Elements that are unstable and emit particles or rays of energy from their nuclei in attempt to become stable, changing into another element.
Radioactive Elements
The opposite of compression; density is reduced. In air, it is a region with decreased air density (air molecules are pulled apart).
Rarefraction
The light ray that leaves the mirror or other surface during reflection.
Reflected Ray
Devices that can change an applied force’s direction and/or magnitude. Examples include levers, inclined plans, and wedges, etc.
Simple Machines
Patterns of disturbance that are generated when. air molecules are pushed together (compressed) by a vibrating object, and these molecules in turn push other molecules.
Sound Waves
Change in a light’s direction after hitting a surface, such as a mirror.
Reflection
The bending of light as it passes from one material to another material.
Refraction
A dark or bright line in what would otherwise be a uniform and continuous stream.
Spectral Line
Assuming there is no friction; the work exiting the pulley system in question is equal to the work going into it (effort work).
Resistance Work
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to produce a new substance.
Synthesis Reaction
The ratio of voltage to the current flowing through a circuit component or device. It is caused by all materials except superconductors; this is the impediment of the flow of electrical current.
Resistance (Ohms)
Occurs when the motion of the wave is perpendicular to the motion of the particles in the material through which the wave moves.
Transverse Wave
A combination of several indicators which changes the color over a range of pH values.
Universal Indicator
SI units of power that are the equivalent of one joule per second.
Watts
The force of gravity on an object.
Weight
Exert a force through a distance; this is calculated by multiplying the movement of an object by the force being applied to it. If an object is not moved, no work has been done.
Work
