Science Lab Flashcards
1
Q
The rate of change in velocity (increasing).
A
Acceleration
2
Q
Substances that can donate hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction and measure as less than 7 on the pH scale.
A
Acids
3
Q
Materials that change color with a change in pH.
A
Acid/Base Indicators
4
Q
Medications designed to relieve an upset stomach; they work by neutralizing the acid in one’s stomach with alkalinity.
A
Antacids
5
Q
States that the buoyant force of a fluid (gas or liquid, such as water) on an object as equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
A
Archimedes’ Principle
6
Q
The amount of surface of an object.
A
Area
7
Q
Substances that accept hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction and measure as more than 7 on the pH scale.
A
Bases
8
Q
A solution that resists change in a pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added.
A
Buffer
9
Q
An upward force.
A
Buoyant Force
10
Q
Calculated with mass times the change in object’s velocity; change in momentum depends on how large the force is exerted.
A
Change in momentum
11
Q
The force of friction divided by the force between the sliding surfaces involved.
A
Coefficient of Friction
12
Q
A new substance made of elements with can only be separated b chemical means.
A
Compound
13
Q
A region in a longitudinal wave of increased air density cause by air molecules being pushed together; a region where molecules are pushed together.
A
Compression
14
Q
Describes a mirror or lens that curves inward.
A
Concave
15
Q
Describes a mirror or lens that curves outward.
A
Convex
16
Q
Materials that have less resistance to current than others; often used in electrical circuits.
A
Conductor
17
Q
A measure of the rate of flow of electrons.
A
Current (Amperes)
18
Q
The curve on a graph indicating the amount of material remaining during the process of nuclear decay of an item.
A
Decay Curve
19
Q
A reaction in which one substance is broken down to form two or more substances.
A
Decomposition Reaction
20
Q
A measurement of mass per unit of volume.
A
Density
21
Q
A piece of transparent glass or metal with minutely spaced parallel lines scratched into its surface. These separate light into various colors, much like a prism would.
A
Diffraction Grating
22
Q
The movement of one material through another material.
A
Diffusion
23
Q
Separate into positive and negative ions; otherwise known as splitting into smaller ions/molecules/atoms.
A
Dissociate
24
Q
Regions where the atoms magnetically align themselves, these regions are small magnets within a piece of metal.
A
Domains
25
A kind of chemical reaction.
Double Replacement
26
The work going into the activity.
Effort Work
27
A decomposition reaction where an electric current furnishes the energy needed to decompose one substance into two or more substances.
Electrolysis
28
Relating to magnetic fields or electric currents, specifically in relation to each other.
Electromagnetic
29
Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the outer regions of atoms.
Electrons
30
The capacity for performing work, and has several forms that can be converted from one to another.
Energy
31
A scientific means of testing a hypothesis or proving something to be true or untrue.
Experiment
32
Describes materials or substances that have electrons arranged in such a way that the individual atoms can act as very small magnets; these materials/substances are highly susceptible to magnetization.
Ferromagnetic
33
The distance from the center of a lens or mirror to its focus.
Focal Length
34
Where waves or rays converge following refraction or reflection.
Focal Point
35
Something that can change an object's motion, a push or pull.
Force
36
The force that resists motion when one material slides over another (present whenever there is motion).
Friction
37
Stored energy an object has because of its position (height) and weight in a gravitational field.
Gravitational Potential Energy
38
The amount of time over which the radioactive element has changed half of itself.
Half-life
39
A special form of kinetic energy involving the random motion of atoms; thermal energy.
Heat
40
A mixture in which all of the components can be easily observed; each component is physically distinct.
Heterogeneous Mixture
41
A mixture in which all of the components are uniform and not easily identified.
Homogenous Mixture
42
Devices that can measure the densities of solutions/liquids by floating at different depths.
Hydrometers
43
A tentative explanation or answer to a question prompted by the observations of a phenomenon; part of the scientific method.
Hypothesis
44
The reflection of an object.
Image
45
The change of momentum experienced by an object that is caused by a force acting on said object; impulse is used to describe how momentum is changed.
Impulse
46
The incoming light ray during reflection or refraction; ray of light that touches a surface to be reflected or refracted.
Incident Ray
47
The energy of an object has due to motion.
Kinetic Energy
48
An atom that does not have the same number of electrons or protons.
Ion
49
Occurs because of the transfer of one more valence electrons from one atom valence electrons from one atom to another; ions are held together because they have positive and negative charges.
Ionic Bonding
50
States that the total energy of a system is conserved (remains constant).
Law of Conservation of Energy
51
A method of measurement that uses mathematics to calculate the size of something too large or too small to measure by conventional means.
Indirect Measurement
52
States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (the reflection always occurs so the light ray leaves the mirror at the same angle it strikes the mirror).
Law of Reflection
53
Refers to a branch of mechanics that studies motion.
Kinematics
54
A common indicator that is red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
Litmus
55
The amount of matter in an object.
Mass
56
The curve on the surface of a liquid in a tube.
Meniscus
57
A wave that occurs when the motion of the wave is in the same direction as the motion of the particles in the material through which the wave moves; a wave that vibrates in the direction of the growth.
Longitudinal Wave
58
A region surrounding a magnet that can influence another magnet or some metal objects; this is produced by spinning electrons within the atoms.
Magnetic Field
59
Indicate the direction and strength of the magnetic field at any given point in the field; density or sparsity of the lines is used to communicate field strength.
Magnetic Lines
60
A component that is opposed to a power source (batteries or generators), and consumes the electric power that source produces. Examples of electrical loads include appliances and lights.
Load
61
Comprised of two or more substances that are not chemically combined; the compounds of a mixture can be separated if one knows their physical properties.
Mixture
62
A layer that is one molecule thick.
Monolayer
63
How quickly an object is moving. It can be calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the elapsed time.
Speed
64
Comprised of sound waves with a melody, harmony, and rhythm; an "art of sound" that expresses emotion. Generally considered to be pleasing to the ear (which sets it apart from noise).
Music
65
The distance from the force to the center of rotation.
Moment Arm
66
The likelihood of a force to cause rotation.
Moment (Torque)
67
A kind of chemical reaction.
Single Replacement
68
A measure of the energy of electrons. (SI unit per charge).
Voltage (Volts)
69
The charge of an ion when it has more electrons than protons.
Negative Charge
70
Subatomic particles that lack electric charge; found in the nucleus of almost all atoms.
Neutrons
71
Line perpendicular to the mirror surface or a transparent object.
Normal
72
The process by which a radioactive element transforms itself into another element by emitting a particle from its nucleus; the duration of which depends on the half-life of the material involved.
Nuclear Decay (Radioactive Decay)
73
What you view in the mirror during reflection (the image is its reflection) or what is viewed during refraction.
Object
74
See/note/perceive something.
Observe
75
Stored energy in an object, defined by its position in relation to some "zero" location.
Potential Energy
76
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution on a scale of 0-14 (in which a measurement of 7 is neutral, a measurement less than 7 is acidic, and a measure greater than 7 is alkaline).
pH Scale
77
The pole of a magnet is a region where the magnetic field is concentrated. North seeking and south-seeking poles are opposites, and attract each other, whereas like poles repel each other.
Pole
78
The charge of an ion when it has fewer electrons than protons.
Positive Charge
79
Describes the relationship between the current, voltage, and resistance. The law defines the relationship between the current, voltage, and resistance as: current equaling voltage divided by resistance.
Ohm's Law (Created by George Ohm)
80
The highness or lowness of a sound, determined by frequency, or number, of vibrations per second.
Pitch
81
A procedure done in order to determine an answer, often to a research or research-type query.
Test
82
An object's speed in a certain direction.
Velocity
83
A component of an electrical circuit that provides electricity.
Voltage Source
84
A hypothesis which has been tested by experimentation and is supported by copious amounts of data.
Theor
85
Defined as work performed per unit of time.
Power
86
When a substance becomes solid and is deposited from a solution.
Precipitation
87
The force per unit area.
Pressure
88
Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nuclei of atoms.
Protons
89
A simple machine that can increase a force, increase the distance over which force is applied, or change the direction of the force.
Pulley
90
Elements that are unstable and emit particles or rays of energy from their nuclei in attempt to become stable, changing into another element.
Radioactive Elements
91
The opposite of compression; density is reduced. In air, it is a region with decreased air density (air molecules are pulled apart).
Rarefraction
92
The light ray that leaves the mirror or other surface during reflection.
Reflected Ray
93
Devices that can change an applied force's direction and/or magnitude. Examples include levers, inclined plans, and wedges, etc.
Simple Machines
94
Patterns of disturbance that are generated when. air molecules are pushed together (compressed) by a vibrating object, and these molecules in turn push other molecules.
Sound Waves
95
Change in a light's direction after hitting a surface, such as a mirror.
Reflection
96
The bending of light as it passes from one material to another material.
Refraction
97
A dark or bright line in what would otherwise be a uniform and continuous stream.
Spectral Line
98
Assuming there is no friction; the work exiting the pulley system in question is equal to the work going into it (effort work).
Resistance Work
99
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to produce a new substance.
Synthesis Reaction
100
The ratio of voltage to the current flowing through a circuit component or device. It is caused by all materials except superconductors; this is the impediment of the flow of electrical current.
Resistance (Ohms)
101
Occurs when the motion of the wave is perpendicular to the motion of the particles in the material through which the wave moves.
Transverse Wave
102
A combination of several indicators which changes the color over a range of pH values.
Universal Indicator
103
SI units of power that are the equivalent of one joule per second.
Watts
104
The force of gravity on an object.
Weight
105
Exert a force through a distance; this is calculated by multiplying the movement of an object by the force being applied to it. If an object is not moved, no work has been done.
Work
