Science L.7-11 Flashcards
cell theory
a widley accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
cell
basic structure for all living things
microscope
makes small things look bigger
organelle
carry out specific functions in the cell
cell wall
a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell, and protects and supports it
cell membrane
controls what subsutances come into and out of a cell
nucleus
the cells “control center” directing all the cells activity
cytoplasm
the region between the cell membrane and the nucleas
mitochondria
the “power house” of the cell”, it converts food molecules into energy the cell can use
endoplasmic reticulum
it’s passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
ribosome
function as factories to produce proteins
Golgi body
receives proteins and other materials from the endo. reticulum, packages them, and distributes them
chloroplast
captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell
vacuole
the storage areas of the cell
lysosome
small, round structures with chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell
element
any substance that cant be broken down anymore
compound
when two or more elements chemically combine
carbohydrate
energy rich compound includes sugar and starch
lipid
fats, oils, and waxes
protein
meat, fish, eggs, beans
amino acid
protein molecules made of smaller molecules
enzyme
typeof protein that can speed up a chemical reaction in a living thing
nucleic acid
long organic molecules that carry the instructions cells need to function
DNA
genetic material
RNA
helps make proteins
selectivity permeable
some substances can pass through the cell membrane others can’t
diffusion
the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
passive transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
active transport
materials passing through membrane using energy
