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Science 4th Qrt - Grd 6 > Science L3 4th Qrt > Flashcards

Science L3 4th Qrt Flashcards

1
Q

What is made up of three different layers?

A

Earth

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2
Q

What is the three different layers of the Earth?

A

Crust, mantle, and core

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3
Q

This is the outermost layer of the Earth. What is this?

A

Crust

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4
Q

What is made up of the oceanic crust and the continental crust?

A

Crust

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5
Q

What is located below the crust?

A

Mantle

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6
Q

What is a region of the mantle that consists of deformable rocks?

A

Asthenosphere

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7
Q

What is the innermost layer of the Earth?

A

Core

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8
Q

What consists mostly of iron and nickel?

A

Core

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9
Q

It is divided into two layers. What is this?

A

Core

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10
Q

Due to intense heat, _____ ____ is molten.

A

Outer core

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11
Q

What has a higher temperature and solid due to extremely high pressure?

A

Inner core

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12
Q

What offsets the process of melting that occurs due to intense heat?

A

High pressure

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13
Q

Who is a Croatian scientist that made a discovery about the speed of seismic waves?

A

Andrija Mohorovicic

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14
Q

What are vibrations that travel through Earth?

A

Seismic waves

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15
Q

What can cause seismic waves?

A

Earthquakes and other explosives activities near the Earth’s surface.

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16
Q

Who discovered that beneath the surface of the Earth, these seismic waves can move fast?

A

Mohorovicic

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17
Q

What was a part of the Earth known as?

A

Mohorovicic discontinuity or Moho

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18
Q

What separates the mantle from the crust?

A

Moho

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19
Q

Who is an American geologist who suggested that the Earth had not shrunk?

A

Frank B.Taylor

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20
Q

Who said that the continents formed from two large continents?

A

Frank B. Taylor

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21
Q

Who is a German scientist and a teacher of astronomy and meteorology?

A

Alfred Wegner

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22
Q

Who suggested that continents were once joined together in a single land mass?

A

Alfred Wegner

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23
Q

What meant “all lands”?

A

Pangaea

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24
Q

What was a big ocean surrounding the Pangaea?

A

Panthalassa

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25
Q

The landmass broke apart and that the continents drifted like icebergs. What is this theory called?

A

Continental drift theory

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26
Q

As the molten rock hardened, it pushed the ocean floor apart. What was this called?

A

Seafloor spreading

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27
Q

This breaks the floor outward. What is this?

A

Seafloor spreading

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28
Q

What describes the large-scale motion of the Earth’s surface?

A

Plate tectonic theory

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29
Q

This theory builds on the concepts of continental drift and seafloor spreading. What is this?

A

Plate tectonic theory

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30
Q

What word comes from a Greek word which means “builder”?

A

Tectonic

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31
Q

This theory suggest that the crust of the Earth is made up of a number of a number of large rigid ______ and a number of smaller ones, floating on the mantle and upon which continents and ocean floors rest.

32
Q

How much do plates with continents move per year? How much do plates without continents move per year?

33
Q

What movements of the Earth’s plates in great forces that squeeze or pull the rocks in the crust?

34
Q

What acts on an area of rock changing its size, shape, or volume?

35
Q

Rock deformations due to stress are called ______.

36
Q

What is a force that adds energy to the rock?

37
Q

What occurs in the Earth’s crust that may be classified as compression, tension, or shearing?

38
Q

This happens when rocks on the Earth’s crust are squeezed or compressed together. What is this?

A

Compression

39
Q

What decreases the volume of rocks?

A

Compression stress

40
Q

What also pushes the rocks either higher up or deeper down the Earth’s crust?

A

Compression

41
Q

What happens when rocks are stretched or “pulled apart”?

42
Q

What happen when rocks are pushed in two opposite horizontal directions?

43
Q

Rocks become thinner in the middle when they are stretched or pulled apart due to _______.

44
Q

Rocks that undergo ________ are either bent, twisted, or torn apart.

45
Q

What are bends in rock layers?

46
Q

What may move rock layers from horizontal positions into alternating ridges or anticlines, and troughs or synclines?

A

Compressional forces

47
Q

What are three types of folds?

A

Monoclines, anticlines, and synclines

48
Q

What are gently dipping bends in horizontal rock layers?

A

Monoclines

49
Q

These are folds in rock layers that are curving upward. What are these?

A

Anticlines

50
Q

What are folds in rock layers that are curving downward?

51
Q

What are breaks in rocks or fractures along which movement takes place?

52
Q

What are three types of faults?

A

Normal fault, reverse fault, and strike-slip fault

53
Q

What is caused by the tension in the Earth’s crust pulling a rock apart?

A

Normal fault

54
Q

What is the block of rock that lies above the fault called?

A

Hanging wall

55
Q

The rock that lie below the fault is called the ________.

56
Q

What fault occurs when the block of rock above the fault plane moves up relative to the other block?

57
Q

What happens when the rock on either side of the fault plane moves horizontally?

A

Strike-slip fault

58
Q

The rocks of either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with only little up or down motion. What is this?

A

Strike-slip fault

59
Q

What is a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between two plates?

A

Sliding boundary

60
Q

What is an natural phenomenon?

A

Earthquake

61
Q

What is the point where the pressure is relieved?

A

Focus or hypocenter

62
Q

What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus?

63
Q

What are smaller seismic waves known as?

A

Aftershocks

64
Q

They are often sent out after an earthquake has occurred. What is this?

A

Aftershocks

65
Q

There are major earthquakes zones. One is a large area known as the ____ __ ___.

A

Ring of Fire

66
Q

What includes the western coasts of North America and South America, and the eastern coast of Asia?

A

Ring of Fire

67
Q

Earthquakes occur along this ridge because the oceanic crust is pulling away from the sides of the ridge. What is this?

A

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

68
Q

What is another major earthquake zone?

A

Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt

69
Q

The mountains along this belt were believed to have been formed by the collision of the Eurasian plate with the African and the Indian plate. What is this?

A

Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt

70
Q

What is an instrument that can detect and record seismic waves?

A

Seismograph

71
Q

What is this device also helps scientists measure the strength of an earthquake?

A

Seismograph

72
Q

A modern seismograph records ground motion producing a trace on called a __________.

A

Seismograph

73
Q

What provides a great deal of information about the behavior of seismic waves?

A

Seismogram

74
Q

What travels along the outer layer of the Earth’s surface causing it to rise and fall?

A

Surface waves

75
Q

These are waves that travel through the Earth’s inner parts. What are these?

A

Body waves

76
Q

What are the two types of body waves?

A

Primary (P) wave and the secondary (S) waves

Science 4th Qrt - Grd 6 (5 decks)

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