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respiratory > science knowledge for respiratory > Flashcards

science knowledge for respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

pneumonia is a

A

lower resp infection

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2
Q

pneumonia can lead to

A

type 1 resp failure

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3
Q

pneumonia causing organisms

A

hap - s aureus, gram -ve (most severe, causes abcess)
cap - strep pneumonia

can also get pneumonia from aspiration

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4
Q

can you get pneumonia from aspiration?

A

yes

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5
Q

pneumonia symptoms

A 
fever
rigor
fatigue
heamoptysis
chest pain
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6
Q

pneumonia tests to diagnose

A 
cxr
o2 sats
bloods
sputum
pleural effusion
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7
Q

pneumonia treatment

A 
02 at 94 or above
hydration
nutrition
AB
thromoprophylaxis
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8
Q

pneumonia severity scale and values

A 
CURB 65
c - confusion, <8
u - urea >7
r - RR >30
b - BP <90/60
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9
Q

curb scoring treatment

A

0-1 home, amox
1-2 hospital, amox
3 co amoxiclav

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10
Q

pneumonia treatment for atypical organisms

A

clarithromycin and amox/co-amox

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11
Q

complications from pneumonia

A
  1. parapneumonic pleural effusion
  2. lung absecess
  3. cancer
  4. resp failure
  5. hypotension
  6. AF
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12
Q

bronchial breathing sounds from

A

cavitation
consolidation
local fibrosis

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13
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

chronic infection of bronchi

dilation of airways

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14
Q

causes of bronchiectasis

A 
H influenza
step penumonia
staph aureus
cf
measels
youngs syndrome
post infection
chlidhood infection
immune deficiency
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15
Q

test for diagnosing bronchiectasis

A

sputum
cxr
bronchoscopy

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16
Q

bronchiectasis treatment

A

chest drain
AB - at least 2 weeks
bronchodilation

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17
Q

bronchiectasis assoiciations

A

RA and IBD

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18
Q

pack year calculations

A

20 x number of years smoked

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19
Q

heart failure and breathlessness

A

breathless when lying down, when they sit up it gets better

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20
Q

to ask when they have orthopnea

A

ask how many pillows they use at night

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21
Q

scale to measure dysponea

A

mrc scale

  1. no problem
  2. sob on incline or hurrying
  3. walks slow, stops
  4. <100 yards
  5. too breathless, house bound
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22
Q

productive cough could mean

A

bronchiectasis

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23
Q

copd general

A
  • common, preventable, treatable
  • alveolar abnormalities cause by gases
  • persistent symptoms
  • airflow limitations
  • chronic dysponea
  • chronic sputum
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24
Q

copd rf

A
  • air pollution
  • smoke
  • low birth weight
  • 2nd hand smoke
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25
Q

copd vs asthma main symptoms difference

A 
COPD = breathless
asthma = wheeze
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26
Q

copd diagnosing criteria

A

FEV <80

FEV/FVC <70

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27
Q

two types of copd

A
  1. chronic bronchitis

2. emphysema

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28
Q

pink puffers

A

increased ventilation
breathless
not cynosed

29
Q

blue bloater

A

decreased ventillation
not breathless
cyanosed

30
Q

copd test findings

A

fbc
cxr - hyperinflation 6 ribs above diaphragm
ecg - RV + A hypertrophy
spirometry

31
Q

copd severity scale FEV1

A

<30 very severe
<30-50 severe
<50-80 moderate
<80 mild

32
Q

copd and 02 management

A

88-92

above can lead to resp 2 failure, below would leave to pressure decrease

33
Q

copd other managment

A

ventilator support
fluid balance
thromophylaxis

34
Q

copd treatment

A 
bronchodilators
corticosteriods - 5-8 days, decrease inflam.
AB if 2/3:
mucolytics
- breathless
-sputum
-change in colour
35
Q

3 contributing factors to asthma

A
  1. bronchus contraction
  2. inflammation
  3. mucus production
36
Q

asthma symptoms

A

dysponea
wheeze
nocturnal cough
sputum

37
Q

tests to diagnose asthma

A 
PERF - worse in AM
spiro
sputum
FBC, U&amp;E, CRP
ABG - normal or low 02, low co2
38
Q

asthma management

A
  1. short acting b agonist - symptoms relife
  2. inhaled steroid
  3. long acting b agonist
  4. b agonist tablet
  5. oral steriod
39
Q

corticosteroid MOA

A

decrease mucus and inflammation

40
Q

what does aminophyline do?

A

bronchodilation

increase cAMP levels

41
Q

what is acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

lung injury - inflammation and capillary permeability

42
Q

causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome

- pulmonary and other

A

pulmonary: pneumonia
other: septicemia, pancreatitis

43
Q

symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

cynosis, tachypnoea, tachycardia

44
Q

investigation for acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

FBC, U&E, LFT, CRP, ABG, CXR, D-dimer

45
Q

Type I resp failure

A

o2 <8

co2 <6

46
Q

Type II resp failure

A

02 <8 co2>6

hypercapnia

47
Q

Type I resp causes

A 
pneumonia
odema
PE
asthma
emphysema
48
Q

Type II resp causes

A

asthma
copd
pneumonia
drugs

49
Q

hypoxia symptoms

A

dysponea
restlessness
agitation
confusion

50
Q

hypercapnia symptoms

A

headache
vasodilation
tachycardia

51
Q

pulmonary embolism from

A

venous thrombosis in pelvis or leg

52
Q

pulmonary embolism RF

A 
recent travel
thrombophilia
leg fracture
malignancy
pregnancy
53
Q

pulmonary embolism symptoms

A 
breathless
pleuritic chest pain
leg swelling
tachycardia
tachypnea
syncope
cough
54
Q

pulmonary embolism investigation findings

A

ABG - type 1 failure
CXR - normal
ECG - RBBB, or tachycardia

55
Q

D dimer will ____ in thrombosis, malignancy and sepsis

A

increase

56
Q

scoring system for pulmonary embolism

A

wells score

57
Q

what is pleural effusion

A

fluid in pleural space

58
Q

2 categories of pleural effusion

A
  1. transudate

2. exudate - proteins and high LDL

59
Q

causes of pleural effusion

A

penumonia
TB
pulmonary infarcation
RA

60
Q

pleural effusion symptoms

A

stony dull percussions
trachial deviation
dysponea
chest pain

61
Q

pleural effusion investigation findings

A

CXR: blunted costaphrenic angels
ultrasound: shows fluid
aspiration

62
Q

spontaneous pneumothroax causes

A 
asthma
copd
penumonia
lung abcess
CF
cancer
63
Q

spontaneous pneumothroax symptoms

A

asymptomatic
dysponea
chest pain

64
Q

spontaneous pneumothroax signs

A

decrease expansion
hyperresonance percussion
decrease breath sounds
trachial deviation

65
Q

hypercapnia symptoms

A

headache
tachycardia
vasodilation

66
Q

hypoxia symptoms

A

breathlessness
restlessness
aggitation
confusion

67
Q

pulmonary embolism investigations

A 
CT
bloods
d-dimer
ABG
ECG
68
Q

pneumothroax and trachial deviation

A

away from affected side

respiratory (2 decks)

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