Science Inquiry Skills

Question 1

Role of ethics in psychological research?

Answer 1

• promoting moral and social values
• accountability
• valid data collection
• maintain confidentiality

Question 2

Role of ethics committee for monitoring psychological research?

Answer 2

Review studies, provide opinion, ethical POV

Question 3

Protection from harm

Answer 3

Ensures mental health and wellbeing. Conditions for physical and psychological safety.

Question 4

Informed Consent

Answer 4

Permission for a medical treatment or procedure. Patient must understand true purpose of study.

Question 5

Withdrawal rights

Answer 5

Right to withdraw from experiment without consequences

Question 6

Deception

Answer 6

Intentionally misleading others

Question 7

Confidentiality

Answer 7

Refrain sharing confidential info with others.

Question 8

Privacy

Answer 8

Right to be free from interference and intrusion

Question 9

Voluntary participation

Answer 9

Participants are willing and able to participate free from coercion

Question 10

Debriefing

Answer 10

Revealing true purpose of study to participant

Question 11

Use of animals in research

Answer 11

Replace animal by another method. Reduce as much animal experiments. Refine by minimizing stress for animal.

Question 12

Observational research

Answer 12

• non experimental
• qualitative
• observing and recording behaviour in natural environment

Question 13

Case study

Answer 13

• detailed of one subject
• long period of time
• qualitative

Question 14

Correlational

Answer 14

• non experimental
• measure 2 variables and asses relationship
• direction and strength of relationship

Question 15

Longitudinal

Answer 15

• repeated observations of same variables over long period
• relationship between values

Question 16

Cross-sectional

Answer 16

• collect data from different individuals at single point in time
• minimal room for error
• can’t determine cause and effect

Question 17

Sample V Population

Answer 17

Population - entire group you want to test
Sample - specific group you collect data from

Question 18

Convenience sampling

Answer 18

easiest to access. most accessible and available group of people.

Question 19

Snowballing

Answer 19

initial participants recruit others. for hard to reach populations.

Question 20

Random sampling

Answer 20

randomly selected subset of population

Question 21

Stratified sampling

Answer 21

divides population into sub-populations based on specific characteristics

Question 22

Extraneous variables

Answer 22

• participant
• environment
• researcher

Question 23

Confounding variables

Answer 23

unmeasured third variable that influences relationship between IV and DV

Question 24

Experimenter effect

Answer 24

Bias that occurs when researcher influences participants or results of study

Question 25

Demand characteristics

Answer 25

Cues that signal to participants what experimenter expects or how they are expected to behave

Question 26

How to minimise extraneous variables?

Answer 26

- random sampling - single-blind procedures - standardisation of procedures and instructions

Question 27

Qualitative data

Answer 27

- no numbers - complex phenomena - descriptive

Question 28

Quantitative data

Answer 28

- numbers - patterns, averages, relationships - HR, BR - rating scales, Likert scale

Question 29

Differences between subjective and objective data

Answer 29

Subjective - given by patients, families etc based on feelings and experiences. Objective - based on facts, tests

Question 30

Reliability

Answer 30

Consistency of results

Question 31

Validity

Answer 31

extent to which test measures what it claims to measure