science flashcards

Question 1

is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

Answer 1

asexual reproduction

Question 2

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 2

chromosome

Question 3

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 3

diploid

Question 4

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

the female reproductive cell in animals and plants; an ovum.

Answer 5

egg

Question 6

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Answer 6

fertillization

Question 7

(in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Answer 7

gene

Question 8

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Answer 8

haploid

Question 9

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Answer 9

meiosis

Question 10

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

the action or process of mutating.

Answer 11

mutation

Question 12

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).

Answer 13

sexual reproduction

Question 14

semen

Answer 14

sperm

Question 15

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Answer 15

zygote