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Science Quarter 1 and 2 > Science finals > Flashcards

Science finals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What types of energy are there?

A

Kinetic, potential, thermal, sound, electro-magnetic, electrical, nuclear, chemical

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2
Q

The five layers of the atmosphere in order top to bottom:

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Methosphere
Thermalsphere
Exosphere

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3
Q

How is igneous rock formed?

A

melting and cooling

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4
Q

What is a sea breeze

A

When the ocean has a lower temperature than the land and the land temperature goes over because it is higher, and the sea temperature goes under because it is lower, creating a breeze.

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5
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

When the land has a lower temperature than the ocean and the ocean has a higher temperature, the y create wind

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6
Q

What are the types of winds from closest to equator to closest to poles?

A

Trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies

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7
Q

What are the major factors that contribute to climate?

A

Elevation, Landforms, Prevailing winds, greenhouse gas, Albedos, sunlight, latitude, large bodies of water.

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8
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

The rule that matter is never lost nor gained

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9
Q

What is Pangea?

A

A super-continent made of all the continents all in one land.

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10
Q

What is evidence supporting Pangea?

A

The continents look like they could fit together, coresponding fossil patterns, moving tectonic plates

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11
Q

What is continental drift?

A

When continental plates drift apart

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12
Q

What is the law of superposition?

A

A law saying that the youngest rock layers are at the top

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13
Q

What is the geologic time scale?

A

The rock record plus all geolicical features and data discovered form them

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14
Q

What is a divergent boundary and what does it cause?

A

When two plates move away from each other. It causes volcanos.

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15
Q

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

A

At a divergent boundary when lava comes up, forming new sea floor while the divergent boundary continuously pulls it apart, forming a mid ocean ridge.

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16
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

the curving of a path of water due to Earth’s rotating

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17
Q

What are the global winds?

A

Trade winds, polar easterlies, westerlies, doldrum, horse latitude

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18
Q

What is salinity?

A

the amount of salt in something

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19
Q

As salinity increases, does density increase or decrease?

A

increase

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20
Q

What affects deep ocean currents?

A

Density differences and gravity

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21
Q

Surface currents make weather cooler in winter and warmer in summer True/False?

A

False

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22
Q

When the temperature in water rises, water can gain thermal energy, this causes liquid water to change state from…

A

liquid to gas

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23
Q

What is absolute dating?

A

The actual age of something to the year

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24
Q

What does it mean if something is saturated?

A

It can’t hold any more water

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25
Q

How do you form an igneous rock

A

melting and cooling

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26
Q

How does sediment stick to each other to create a sedimentary rock?

A

Water with certain minerals flows over the rocks, and after it dries, it leaves minerals in the water behind, forming a kind of glue keeping the rocks together.

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27
Q

What kind of rock is slitstone?

A

Sedimentary

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28
Q

What kind of rock is basalt?

A

Igneous

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29
Q

What scientist proposed the idea of continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

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30
Q

Why do tectonic plates move

A

convection currents inside of earth

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31
Q

What is the lithosphere made of?

A

Rock

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32
Q

What boundaries are mountains formed at?

A

Convergent boundaries

33
Q

What boundaries do volcanic islands form at?

A

Subvergent boundaries

34
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

When a cold front catches up to a warm front and the warm front goes over it

35
Q

What kind of weather is expected at an occluded front?

A

Varied levels of rain

36
Q

What does sublimation mean?

A

The change from a solid to a gas

37
Q

Transpiration

A

When plants release water into the air by gaining energy

38
Q

Deposition

A

When something goes from a gas to a solid

39
Q

4 Spheres

A

Atmosphere, Geosphere, hydrosphere, bio sphere

40
Q

Example of geosphere turning into atmosphere

A

Fossil fuels are burned in cars as gas and put into the air

41
Q

Example of the atmosphere changing to the hydrosphere

A

Water vapor condensing into a cloud and then raining

42
Q

Example of biosphere to geosphere

A

dead animal bodies get buried and over time for coal

43
Q

Jet stream

A

high altitude winds reaching up to 250 miles per hour

44
Q

What is an ocean current

A

the streamlike movement of ocean water

45
Q

What direction do surface currents normally move

A

East

46
Q

How does the coriolis affect affect currents?

A

When something moves torwards the equator it moves slower than the ground beneath it making it move in a circular direction

47
Q

What is a gyre

A

A circular current

48
Q

How is a deep ocean current formed?

A

When a surface current moves towards the poles, it sinks and turns into a deep ocean current and then continues to move towards the equator

49
Q

How does water change the Earth?

A

It gives life, it forms the surface of Earth, and causes weather

50
Q

What is a runoff

A

Water flowing along the Earth’s surface

51
Q

What is infiltration?

A

When water soaks into the ground of the Earth

52
Q

What is a streams discharge?

A

The amount of water moved by a stream

53
Q

What is a stream channel?

A

The path water takes

54
Q

What is the stream load

A

The amount of things other than water that a stream carries

55
Q

What is the gradient of a stream?

A

The angle of a stream and the land its on (how steep it is)

56
Q

What is relative dating?

A

The age of something in relation to something else

57
Q

What is water shed?

A

Areas of land that filter water into bodies of water

58
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

A body of rock that stores ground water

59
Q

What is porosity?

A

The amount of space between particles through which liquid or air may pass

60
Q

What is permeability?

A

How easily water soaks through something

61
Q

What is a warm front?

A

when warm wet air rises over cold air mass.

62
Q

What is a cold front?

A

When a cold air mass quickly moves under a warm air mass it brings heavy rains

63
Q

How is a metamorphic rock formed?

A

Heat and pressure

64
Q

What is a tiltmeter and how does it work?

A

It goes in land and senses if land expands based on its position. It can predict if a volcanoe will blow up

65
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces, changes the physical appearance but not the composition

66
Q

What are the layers of Earth?

A

Core mantle crust

67
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

When a rock is broken down due to chemical reactions. The composition is changed

68
Q

What is deposition?

A

When gas changes directly to a solid

69
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The process of wearing something down or scraping it

70
Q

How are earthquakes formed?

A

At transform boundaries

71
Q

What is a rift valley?

A

When the Earth’s crust is stretched

72
Q

What is a linear sea?

A

When a rift valley widens and fills with water

73
Q

What is an ocean basin?

A

When a linear sea keeps widening

74
Q

What is deformation?

A

When a change happens in the shape of a mountain, usually through pressure

75
Q

How are volcanoes formed?

A

Unless it is a hot spot, at divergent boundaries magma rises spewing out the top and forming mountains

76
Q

How do volcanoes explode?

A

Pressure builds up, causing lava to flow up a volcano and out of it

77
Q

What is the fossil column book?

A

Basically the rock record with fossils, a record of fossils and their data

78
Q

A river flows into the ocean the density of ocean water:

A

Decreases

Fresh water is less dense than ocean water

Science Quarter 1 and 2 (2 decks)

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