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Korean vocabulary > Science final test > Flashcards

Science final test Flashcards

1
Q

Elements

A

A unique particle of matter or a fundamental building block

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2
Q

Constraint

A

A limitation on the range of possible solutions

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3
Q

Pure lithium

A

Fizzes when exploded to water

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4
Q

Pure sodium

A

React violently enough to create a fire with mixed water

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5
Q

Pure potassium

A

Explodes when wet. Using method of measurement called daltons

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6
Q

Air it made out of

A

nitrogen and oxygen particles

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7
Q

Criteria

A

requirements that must be met for an engineering to be successful

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8
Q

Chemical bond

A

connection between atoms in more complex particles

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9
Q

Molecule

A

a group of two of more atoms that held together be chemical bond and the have unique structure and composition

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10
Q

Model

A

A representation of an object that aspects easier to see atomic composition

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11
Q

Crystal

A

a solid structure atoms of molecules are reaping three dimensional pattern

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12
Q

Polymer

A

a type of extended structure that made of smaller repeating subunit a in a chain

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13
Q

Substances

A

is a matter has constant chemical composition and characteristics

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14
Q

When enough molecules come together

A

they create a substance

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15
Q

Mixture

A

is made of different types of atoms or elements or molecules that are not chemically combined

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16
Q

Compound

A

substance that is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded smallest unit of compound are atoms

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17
Q

Mixtures do not have

A

chemical same composition and a lot of varied substances in varying amount

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18
Q

Density

A

mass per unit volume

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19
Q

Melting point

A

temperature that substance melts or boils

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20
Q

Solubility

A

describes how well a substance dissolves in another substance (used to identify the substance)

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21
Q

Flammability

A

describes how well can substances burn

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22
Q

Melting point changes from

A

solid to liquid to gas (does not change the amount u have)

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23
Q

How to find volume

A

density divide mass divide volume

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24
Q

solid

A

atoms or molecules are closely packed together and touching. Unable to move other than vibrating in place

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25
Q

Liquid

A

water, atoms or molecules are closely packed and touching but they are not held in a mixed position

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26
Q

Gas

A

atoms or molecules are separate from each other and can move independently

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27
Q

What affects states of matter?

A

temperature and pressure

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28
Q

Adding heat to the solid ice cube will give us

A

Liquid

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29
Q

If we boil the water and if it reaches it’s temperature it turns to

A

Gas

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30
Q

On top of mountain we have

A

low pressure or less particles

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31
Q

Sea level is more

A

high pressure more air particles

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32
Q

how matters change between stages?

A

cause energy and heat

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33
Q

what if we add heat to solid

A

`molecules start to speed up and changing to a liquid (melting point)

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34
Q

What if we add heat to liquid?

A

atoms speed up more and changing to evaporation

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35
Q

boiling liquid

A

changes to gas by using heat more

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36
Q

gas

A

atoms slow down allow to come closer became liquid (Condensation)

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37
Q

Three types of elements that make up atoms

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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38
Q

Thermal energy

A

the total energy related to the motion of atoms and molecules in a subject or a sample of matter

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39
Q

Sublime

A

changes state from solid to a gas do not enter liquid

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40
Q

Temperature

A

average of kinetic energy

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41
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion of a movement object

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42
Q

more water

A

more energy

43
Q

Heat

A

makes particles move faster energy from warmer object to cooler object

44
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid

45
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume.

46
Q

Producers

A

Can provide their own food and captures energy and matter from its surroundings, sunlight

47
Q

Producers in Terrestrial Ecosystems

A

Trees, mosses,ferns (have leaves that adsorbs energy from sunlight)

48
Q

Radiation

A

Heating by direct contact between particles

49
Q

What are conditions that cause chemical reactions?

A

Heat,cooling,mixing,

50
Q

Scientific evidence

A

Evidence of chemical reactions

51
Q

Atoms in chemical reactions

A

Atoms regroup in chemical reactions when bonds break in the reactants they reform a new substance.

52
Q

To describe how atoms regroup we write

A

Chemical equations

53
Q

Ways to atoms regroup in chemical reactions

A

Break down, some joint together, some change places in other groups

54
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

Like fireworks exploded that releases more energy to the surroundings than it abosb

55
Q

Suffix exo means

A

Turns out or outside

56
Q

Endothermic reactions

A

Store energy that absorbs more energy from its surroundings than it releases.

57
Q

The suffix endo

A

Means inside so heat goes inside like cooking meat

58
Q

Synthetic material

A

An artificial substance or material produced by chemical processes

59
Q

Biodegradable

A

Able to be broken down into smaller molecules by biological agents such as bacteria

60
Q

Synthetic materials made from

A

Petroleum medicines, polyester fabric, food coloring, food flavoring,rubber, plastic

61
Q

Producers use photosynthesis to make their own food. What is photosynthesis?

A

It is a process of using energy from the sun and matter from its surroundings to produce sugars that store energy in chemical bonds

62
Q

Chorophyll

A

Green pigment that is essential for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll reflects on making plants green.

63
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that cannot produce their own food

64
Q

Captures energy from the sun to made sugars

A

Producers

65
Q

Uses sugars for energy

A

Producers and consumers

66
Q

Obtain matter from the air water and soli

A

Producers

67
Q

Obtain matter from eating other organisms

A

Consumers

68
Q

Producers get matter from

A

Carbon dioxide and water from their surroundings

69
Q

Cellular respiration

A

is how cells get energy. It takes in glucose and oxygen, and changes them into energy while also producing carbon dioxide and water as waste. This process happens in three steps: breaking down glucose, a cycle that helps produce energy, and using oxygen to make more energy.

70
Q

Equation for cellular respiration

A

Sugar+oxygen—carbon dioxide+water+energy

71
Q

The law of conservation

A

of matter is a scientific law stating that the amount of matter in a closed system always stays the same, although matter may change form. A scientific law is a statement, based on evidence from repeated observations, that describes an aspect of the universe that is consistent and predictable.

72
Q

There are small exceptions to the model of Earth as a closed system.

A

Some matter does leave Earth when humans send spacecraft into space. And space objects, like meteors, can bring small amounts of matter into the system. Even with these exceptions, scientists find the model of a closed system useful for understanding Earth’s ecosystems.

73
Q

The water cycle

A

is a model that describes how water molecules move among Earth’s ecosystems and the atmosphere.

74
Q

The water molecule in the soil is absorbed

A

by producers, such as aquatic plants, where it becomes part of an aquatic plant cell

75
Q

Other water molecules might be used

A

in photosynthesis to make oxygen gas and sugar molecules. A grazing manatee eats the grass, taking in the water molecule.

76
Q

Decomposers consume the manatee’s wastes and return the water molecule to the soil.

-

A

When sunlight warms the water molecule in the soil, it enters the atmosphere as water vapor, starting the cycle again.

77
Q

Global cycles of matter

A

are important to maintaining healthy ecosystems on Earth because they make different forms of matter available to living things.

78
Q

Like water molecules,

A

atoms of carbon move among the living and nonliving parts of ecosystems.

79
Q

Start with carbon dioxide molecules in producers. Follow the path of a carbon atom through different parts of Earth’s ecosystems.

A

Carbon atoms become part of different carbon-based molecules through photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and other processes.

80
Q

The carbon cycle

A

is a model that describes how carbon-based molecules move among Earth’s ecosystems and atmosphere.

81
Q

What carbon molecule is present in the breath you exhale?

A

It uses other carbon-based molecules for energy and exhales carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It uses other carbon-based molecules for energy and exhales carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

82
Q

Carbon is incorporated into living things in the ecosystem through

A

photosynthesis

83
Q

How can carbon move from fossil fuels to the atmosphere?

A

When carbon atoms are stored under layers of soil for millions of years, they may form fossil fuels, which humans use as a source of energy.

84
Q

Carbon in living things is released

A

into nonliving parts of an ecosystem through cellular respiration

85
Q

How can carbon move from a manatee to a lake?

A

This manatee eats aquatic plants and uses some of their carbon-based molecules to build its body structures. It uses other carbon-based molecules for energy and exhales carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Some carbon dioxide remains dissolved in the water and is used by the aquatic plants that are food for the manatee.

86
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

is a model that describes how nitrogen-based molecules move among Earth’s ecosystems and atmosphere.

87
Q

What percent of Earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas?

A

78 percent

88
Q

What common molecules are made with atoms of nitrogen?

A

Farmers often plant crops like peanuts to improve nitrogen concentration in soils because these plants house those bacteria in their roots.

89
Q

What does nitrogen fixation do?

A

Earth that can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into more complex nitrogen-based molecules. This process is called nitrogen fixation and it can happen in two different ways.

90
Q

ammonia

A

Bacteria for nitrogen cycle

91
Q

nitrifying bacteria,

A

can convert ammonia into nitrates. Most producers need nitrates to grow and form important nitrogen-based molecules in their bodies.

92
Q

How can nitrogen from organisms get back to the atmosphere?

A

When the peanut plant dies, decomposers, such as bacteria, break down the proteins in their bodies, leaving nitrogen-based molecules like nitrates and ammonia. Other bacteria, called denitrifying bacteria, convert those nitrogen-based molecules into nitrogen gas. The atom of nitrogen is again part of a molecule of nitrogen gas. It has returned to the atmosphere and completed the cycle.

93
Q

Defining Criteria

A

Criteria describe what must be done to meet the goals of the project.

94
Q

Reforestation

A

is the re-planting of forests

95
Q

Constraints

A

are limitations on an engineering solution.

96
Q

Fossil fuels

A

are natural energy sources

97
Q

Cellular respiration releases energy to

A

Chemical bonds of dugar

98
Q

Photosynthesis captures energy from

A

Sun

99
Q

Food web

A

A model that shows feeding relationships between populations in ecosystems

100
Q

Direct affect

A

Increases population of predators but decreasing population that they prey

101
Q

Indirect affect

A

Interaction where one population affects the other of another through its effect on a third population

102
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Energy enters the food through phytoplankton

103
Q

Zooplankton

A

Use energy and lose energy through wastes and heat

Korean vocabulary (2 decks)

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