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Science (Final Exam Material) Flashcards

1
Q

How to Calculate Power (Formula)

A

Power = Energy Transferred / Time

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2
Q

How do you Calculate Mechanical Energy

A

Potential Energy + Kinetic

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3
Q

How do you calculate GPE

A

GPE = Weight*Height

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4
Q

How do you calculate Kinetic Energy

A

0.5ms^2
M = Mass
S = Speed

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5
Q

Let’s just say you have a Pendulum (Search it up)

The highest parts are what type of energy?

A

They are Gravitational Potential Energy since the formula states the higher the object is, the more GPE it has by multiplication.

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6
Q

Energy Transformation:

When you turn on a Stove, (Electrical), what energy is being turned into what?

A

Electrical Energy to Thermal.

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6
Q

Energy Transformation:

When you turn on a Stove, (Electrical), what energy is being turned into what?

A

Electrical Energy to Thermal.

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7
Q

Water is falling down, what energy is being lost and what energy is being gained?

A

GPE is being lost, KE is being gained.

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8
Q

Law of conservation of Energy?

A

When one energy transforms into another, none is lost. Energy is never created or destroyed. For example if a roller coaster is at the top:

Full GPE
0 KE

While it’s going down

Half GPE
Half KE

it’s in the end of its drop and is now moving forward:

0 GPE
Full KE

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9
Q

When you stretch a rubber band, it gains:

A

Elastic Potential Energy (EPE)

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10
Q

3 cars, one weighs 10 N, one weighs 20 N, the last one weighs 30 N, what is the highest kinetic energy between these cars. All of them go 10 m/s

A

If you follow the formula 0.5ms^2, we can see mass, is timed by speed and divided by 2, therefor, the higher mass, the higher Kinetic Energy. So right now, we can say that the last car (30 N) weighs the most and has the most Kinetic Energy.

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11
Q

When something is at resting rate, how much energy does it have?

A

None. No speed, than no KE, also no Potential energy, unless if it has a certain height, then the Potential energy (GPE) has a value.

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12
Q

Why does wind have energy?

A

It can do work. (Page 195 I’m confused as well.)

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13
Q

Eventually, the pendulum stops swinging, why?

A

Friction can turn the energy being used (ME) to Thermal.

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14
Q

Energy transformation: Wood Burning:

A

Chemical to Thermal

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15
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

Waves that need a medium to move.

16
Q

How do MW (Mechanical waves) form?

A

Vibration to the medium.

17
Q

Name 3 types of Mechanical Waves

A

Longitudinal, transverse, surface.

18
Q

The highest and lowest point of a wave. (Transverse)

A

Crest is the highest, trough is the lowest.

19
Q

In a slinky, you can send a vibration on one side, and you can see that it moves by becoming smaller on one way while at the end of it is stretching. What is this called?

A

The slinky is a longitudinal wave, and longitudinal waves when they move they have a refraction (stretching), and compression (becoming smaller.)

20
Q

What is considered an example of a surface wave?

A

Ocean waves.

21
Q

What angle does a transverse wave vibrate at a medium?

A

Up and down.

Side to side.

22
Q

What is Amplitude (1), Wavelength (2), and Frequency? (3)

A

1: Amplitude describes how far the medium in a wave moves. The height of a waves crest depends on its amplitude. Amplitude is the maximum distance the medium vibrate from the rest position.
https: //www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/amplitude-formula/

2: if you look at a wave inside a graph you will see the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is its wavelength. You can find the wavelength of a transverse waves by measuring the crest to crest.
https: //www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/dictionary/Wavelength.html

3: The frequency of a wave is the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. For example if you make waves on a rope so that one wave passes by a point every second the frequency is one wave per second. Move your hand up and down quickly you increase the frequency. Frequency is measured in the unit called hertz HZ and is defined as the number of waves per second. Usually one hertz is one wave per second. two waves per second is considered two hertz.

23
Q

What is the Formula for Frequency and Wavelength?

A 
Frequency = Speed/Wavelength
Wavelength = Speed/Frequency
24
Q

Why does light bend in water?

A

Light Bends in water because light moves slower in a denser medium.

25
Q

Refraction definition:

A

Refraction is the bending of waves due to the change in speed a wave. A model of light is also useful for explaining brightness and color at the surface of different transparent materials such as air and water

26
Q

What is Diffraction?

A

Waves sometimes bend around barriers or pass through openings. When a wave moves around a barrier or through an opening in a barrier in bands and spreads out these wave interactions are called. diffraction

27
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

When two waves approach each other each wave has a greater amplitude than each other making a bigger wave. Eventually the waves will continue as if they have not met.

28
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

Two waves approach each other the crest meets the trough in each wave and they overlay each other. Eventually the waves will continue as if nothing happened

29
Q

How do standing waves form?

A

If you tie a rope to a door knob and shake the free end waves will travel down the road reflect at the end and come back. The reflected waves will meet the incoming waves and interference occurs. If the incoming wave and reflective wave had just the right frequency they combine to form a wave that appears to stand still.

30
Q

What are nodes and antinodes?

A

In a standing wave destructive interference produces points with zero amplitude called nodes. Nodes are always evenly spaced along waves. At points in the standing wave or constructive interference occurs the amplitude is greater than zero. Points of a maximum amplitude on a standing wave I called antinodes. Antinodes occur halfway between nodes.

31
Q

What is resonance?

A

Resonance is an increase in the amplitude of a vibration that occurs when external vibrations matching objects natural frequency.

32
Q

A wave transfers:

A

Energy

33
Q

Sound travels at 320m/s at 0C, what if it is -10.

A

At -10 degrees, sound travels lower by -6. So 324. Or if it hit 10C, sound would travel 326.

34
Q

Measure distance in time:

A

Distance = Speed of sound in water*time.

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