Science Final Exam Flashcards
three ways to accelerate an object
- speed up
- slow down
- change direction
difference between speed and velocity
velocity has direction; speed does not
acceleration is a change in…
velocity
speed of an object at rest
0
what goes on x-axis
time
what goes on y-axis
speed or distance
what are the units on a car speedometer
miles per hour
what causes an object to accelerate
an unbalanced force
Newton’s first law of motion
An object in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest, UNLESS it is acted upon by an unbalanced force
Newton’s second law of motion
force = mass x acceleration F=ma
Newton’s third law of motion
For every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force
What causes a ball thrown through the air to fall to the ground?
gravity force
The tendency of an object to keep its velocity constant; for example, a brick sitting at rest will tend not to move, unless an unbalanced force acts on it
inertia
Newton’s first law of motion is also called the Law of ___
inertia
If I hit a brick wall with my fist, then I am providing an __ force, and the wall provides a __ force
action; reaction
What is the SI unit of temperature?
Kelvin (K)
What is the name for a force that can act on an object even though it isn’t touching it?
noncontact force
What is the unit for force?
Newtons (N)
In a controlled experiment, there should be a __ group that does NOT get the experimental treatment
control
three examples of noncontact forces
gravity, magnetic force, electrical force
any push or pull on an object
force
When an arrow is used to show a force, its length shows the ___ of the force
strength/size/magnitude
an attractive force between to objects that have mass
gravity
the amount of matter in an object
mass
the SI unit for mass
kilogram (kg)
the amount of gravitational force exerted on an object by Earth
weight
unit for weight
Newtons (cuz weight is a force!)
a force that resists motion between two toughing objects
friction
three kinds of friction forces
static, sliding, fluid
type of friction that prevents objects from sliding past each other
static friction
type of friction between two sliding objects
sliding friction
type of friction between a surface and water or air
fluid friction
What is the name of a force that acts on an object by touching it?
contact force
Sliding is an example of ___ force
friction
a speed that does not vary is called ___
constant
velocity changes when __ or __ changes
speed or direction
to find the average speed of an object, divide ___ over ___
distance over time
On a speed-time graph, a straight diagonal indicates that ___
acceleration is constant
On a speed-time graph, if the direction of the line changes, it indicates that the object ___ and changed ___
stopped and changed direction
on a graph, average speed is the __
slope
On a speed-time graph, a change in direction of the line indicates that ___
acceleration is changing to deceleration (or vice versa)
to know velocity, you need to know __ and __
speed and direction
if you slow down, you are __
accelerating
For every action, there is an __ and __ reaction
equal and opposite
Who came up with the idea that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?
Isaac Newton
To get an object at rest moving, you have to overcome __ __ force
static friction
the upward force that acts on a falling object
air resistance
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
inertia
another word for mass
inertia
the speed an object falls when gravity and air resistance are balanced
terminal velocity
a statement accepted as fact
scientific law
an idea with lots of supporting evidence that explains a lot of observations
scientific theory
the group in an experiment that does not get the experimental treatment
control group
the group in an experiment that does get the experimental treatment
experimental group
two groups in a controlled experiment
control group and experimental group
a variable in an experiment that is the same for all groups
constant
a variable in an experiment that is changed by the researcher
independent variable
a variable in an experiment that changes because of the independent variable
dependent variable
