Science Final 2019

Question 1

Functions and structures of living organisms:

Answer 1

Within each part of a living organism is its own structure. each cell is structured into parts called organelles and include membranes, walls, nuclei, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles. Eachpart of a cell has its own function or job. For example, the cell membrane controls what comes in and out of the cell.

Question 2

Levels of Organization in Organisms:

Answer 2

These parts are divided in levels or organization. These are 5 levels: cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, and organisms. All living things are made up of cells.

Question 3

Parts of a Microscope:

Answer 3

The eyepiece lens: the eyepiece lens contains the ocular lens, which the user looks through to see the magnified specimen. The ocular lens has a magnification that can range from 5x to 30x, but 10x or 15x is the most common setting.

Question 4

The Eyepiece Tube:

Answer 4

The eyepice tube connects the eyepiece and ocula lens to the objective lenses located near the micrscope stage.

Question 5

The Microscope Arm:

Answer 5

The microscope arm connects the eyepiece tube to the base. This is the part you should hold when transporting a microscope.

Question 6

The Microscope Illuminator:

Answer 6

Microscopes require a light source for viewing. This can come in the form of built-in, low voltage illuminator light, or a mirror that reflects an external light source like sunlight.

Question 7

Stage and Stage Clips:

Answer 7

The stage is a platfrom for the slides, which hold the specimen. The stage typiccally has a stage clip on either side to hold the slide firmly in place. Some microscopes have a mechanical stage, with adjuctment knobs that allow for more precise positioning of slides.

Question 8

The Nosepiece:

Answer 8

The nosepiece contains the objective lenses. Microscope users can rotate this part to switch between the objective lenses and adjuct the magnification power.

Question 9

The objective lens:

Answer 9

The objective lenses combine with the eyepiece lens to increase magnification levels. Microscopes generally feature three or four objective lenses with magnification levels ranging from 4x to 100x.

Question 10

Condenser lens and diaphragm:

Answer 10

The condenser lens works with the diaphragm to focus the intensity of the light source onto the slide containing the specimen. These parts are located under the microscope stagte.

Question 11

Cell membrane:

Answer 11

The cell membrane controls things that enter and exit the cell.

Question 12

Cytoplasm:

Answer 12

The living substance inside a cell.

Question 13

Nucleus:

Answer 13

The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei.

Question 14

Mitochondria:

Answer 14

Structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 15

Vacuole:

Answer 15

Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm.

Question 16

Cell wall:

Answer 16

Made of a tough substance called cellulose, wich supports the cell.

Question 17

Ribosomes:

Answer 17

A tiny organelle wher eprotein synthesis occurs.

Question 18

Selectively permeable:

Answer 18

A membrane that lets all materials cross its permeable.

Question 19

Permeable:

Answer 19

A membrane that lets nothing cross its impermeable.

Question 20

Salivary Glands:

Answer 20

The salivary glands produce saliva, which keep the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. It also help break down carbohydrates and lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to the esophagus to the stomach.

Question 21

Pharynx:

Answer 21

The pharynx is often refered to as the throat. The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. For the digestive system, its muscular walls function in the process of swallowing, and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus.

Question 22

Esophagus:

Answer 22

The esophagus is a tube that connects the throat and the stomach. The esophagus is a gateway for food and drink to travel along to make it to the stomach.

Question 23

Stomach:

Answer 23

The stomach is a mnuscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach recieves food from thew esophagua. The stomach then secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of the muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. Muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion.

Question 24

Small Intestine:

Answer 24

The small intestine is approximately 20 ft long and about and inch in diameter. Its job is to absorb most of the nutrients from what we eat and drink. Velvety tissue lines the small intestine, which is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 25

Large Intestine:

Answer 25

The 4 major functions of the large intestine are recovery of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of faeces and fermentation of some of the indigestible food matter by bacteria.

Question 26

Liver:

Answer 26

The liver has a multitude of important and complex functions, including to manufacture proteins, including albumin and bloosd clotting factors; to synthesize, store, and process fats, including fatty acids and cholesterol; to metaqbolize and store carbohydrates.

Question 27

Gallbladder:

Answer 27

The gallbladder is part of the biliary tract. The bile helps the digestive process by breaking up fats. It also drains waste products from the liver into the duodenum, a part of the small intestine.

Question 28

Pancreas:

Answer 28

The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays anessential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells. the pancreas has 2 main functions: an exocrine function that helps digestion and an endocrine functions that regulates blood sugar.

Question 29

The Heart:

Answer 29

The heart is an organ that pump blood throughout the body. It supplies nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

Question 30

Class 1 levers:

Answer 30

the fulcrum is in between the effort and the load.

Ex. scissors

Question 31

Class 2 lever:

Answer 31

The load is in between the effort and the fulcrum.

Ex. wheelbarrow

Question 32

Class 3 lever:

Answer 32

The effort is in between the load and the fulcrum.

Ex. fishing rod

Question 33

Major uses of water:

Answer 33

Drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, brushing teeth, watering the garden, washing pets, etc.

Question 34

Ice ages:

Answer 34

Ice ages are periods when ice sheets and glaciers expand across the planet, which correspond to significant drops in global temperatures and can last for millions of years.

Question 35

Glacier features and how they form:

Answer 35

Glaciers form when snow remains in the same place all year. Then the snow slowly starts to transform into ice. Each year, a new layer of snow forms and compresses the previous layers. This compression forces the snow to re-crystalize.

Question 36

Ocean currents:

Answer 36

An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the earth’s oceans. The currents are genwerated from the forces acting upon the water like the earths rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon.

Question 37

Ocean tides:

Answer 37

Ocean tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combines effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun, and the rotation of the earth. To make accurate records, tidea gauges at fixed stations measure water level over time.

Question 38

Pond habitats:

Answer 38

A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than a lake. Factors impacting the type of life found in a pond include depth and duration of water level, shade, prewsence or absence of inlets and outlets, effects of grazing animals and salinity.

Question 39

Lake habitats:

Answer 39

Like algae, aquatic plants play a vital role in a lake’s ecology. They appear in many shape and sizes and provide cover, habitat and food to the aquatic life in a lake.

Question 40

Water quality:

Answer 40

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological charaqcteristics of water. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, and drinking water.

Question 41

Water management:

Answer 41

Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Water resource management planning has regard to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands.

Question 42

Aquifer:

Answer 42

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock. Water bearing rocks are permeable, menaing that they have openings that liquids and gases can pass through. This illustration shows the two most common types of aquifers, combined aquifers and unconfined aquifers.

Question 43

Watershed:

Answer 43

A watershed is the area of land that recieves precipitation and drains into a body of water. The boundaries of a natural watershed are defined by the elevation divide separating one watershed from another.

Question 44

Run-off

Answer 44

Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface, and is a major component of the water cycle. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants such as petroleum, pesticides, or pfertilizers that become discharge or overland flow.

Question 45

Greenhouse effect:

Answer 45

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the earth’s surface. When the suns energy reaches then earth’s atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re- radiated by greenhouse gases.

Question 46

Main greenhouse gases:

Answer 46

Greenhouse gas, and gas that has the property of absorbing infrared radiation emitted from earth’s surface and reradiating it back to the earth’s surface, therefore contributing to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour are the most important greenhouse gases.

Question 47

Pressure:

Answer 47

Pressure if the amount of force applied at right angles to the surface of an obect per unit area. The symbol for it is p or P.

Question 48

Force:

Answer 48

Strength or energy asan attribute of physical action or movement.