Science Final

Question 1

organization of the body

Answer 1

cell → tissue →organ →Body
System

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

make up all living things
*capable of reproducing themselves
*made from an already-existing cell

Question 3

organelles

Answer 3

structures found inside cells

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Uses oxygen and sugar (glucose) to provide energy to the cell
(the “mighty mitochondria”)

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

*surrounds the cell, holds it together
*Lets particles into and out of the cell
*semi-permeable layer that surrounds both plant and animal cells

Question 6

cell wall

Answer 6

*only in plant cells
*gives cells support and structure

Question 7

chloroplasts

Answer 7

only in plant cells
* take in carbon dioxide
* organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

controls what goes on in cell
* contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Question 9

fat cells

Answer 9

stores energy
sac-like appearance

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

the jellylike substance that fills the cell, where the organelles are located

Question 11

skin cells

Answer 11

protects from invaders like bacteria and viruses
keeps out invaders that can make you sick

Question 12

bone cells

Answer 12

gives the body shape and structure
helps support your body
bone cells cause bones to be hard

Question 13

blood cells

Answer 13

carries nutrients and oxygen to other cells in your body
remove waste (carbon dioxide) from your cells

Question 14

circulatory system

Answer 14

heart, arteries, veins
moves blood around the body

Question 15

digestive system

Answer 15

mouth, stomach, intestines
breaks down food into molecules our cells can use
digestion of food begins in the mouth

Question 16

muscular system

Answer 16

involuntary muscles and voluntary muscles
moves the body

Question 17

nervous system

Answer 17

nerves, brain, spinal cord, sensory organs
takes in information from the outside world and tells the body how to react

Question 18

sensory neurons

Answer 18

nerve cells that take in information from the outside world and send it to the brain

Question 19

respiratory system

Answer 19

mouth and nose, lungs
takes in oxygen cells need and gets rid of the carbon dioxide they produce

Question 20

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 20

Arteries - Away from the heart
Arteries are oxygen rich
Veins - Into the heart
Veins carry oxygen poor blood

Question 21

voluntary muscles

Answer 21

when a person wants them to move (like lifting an arm, smiling or using fingers to type)

Question 22

involuntary muscles

Answer 22

move things a person does not normally control ex. muscles that move food through your intestine, heart

Question 23

sensory organs

Answer 23

eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue

Question 24

cerebrum

Answer 24

responsible for your imagination
controls thinking and the senses

Question 25

medulla

Answer 25

controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing

Question 26

cerebellum

Answer 26

responsible for learning new things controls motion and balance

Question 27

Gregor Mendel

Answer 27

learned about genetics by studying pea plants

Question 28

sexual reproduction

Answer 28

requires 2 parents offspring receive genetic information from 2 parents so they are not genetically identical

Question 29

asexual reproduction

Answer 29

requires only 1 organism and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 30

dominant allele

Answer 30

dominant or overriding trait *masks a recessive trait when both are present in an organism *made from an already-existing cell *shown with a CAPITAL letter

Question 31

recessive allele

Answer 31

weaker trait *often hidden by dominant trait *requires 2 copies to be expressed (tt, cc, pp, etc.) *shown with a lowercase letter

Question 32

heterozygous

Answer 32

when you have both a recessive allele and a dominant allele for a trait (Bb) an organism can NEVER be heterozygous recessive

Question 33

homozygous

Answer 33

when you have the same two alleles for a trait either two dominant (BB) or two recessive (bb)

Question 34

What does it mean if a parent is Ee (heterozygous) for a given trait?

Answer 34

the parent shows trait “E” the parent can pass down trait “E” or “e” to its offspring

Question 35

genotype

Answer 35

an organism's allele combination

Question 36

phenotype

Answer 36

physical appearance of an organism (what you see when you look at the organism)

Question 37

weather

Answer 37

day to day atmospheric condition on a specific day, in a specific place what we GET

Question 38

climate

Answer 38

what we EXPECT average conditions in a general region over a long period of time data is calculated over 30 years

Question 39

Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius to

Answer 39

C = (temp in F - 32) x 5 ÷ 9

Question 40

Greenhouse gases

Answer 40

a substance that traps heat in Earth’s atmosphere carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases at the right levels are beneficial for the earth

Question 41

What happens to the majority of solar radiation when it reaches Earth?

Answer 41

It gets absorbed by the Earth

Question 42

fossil fuels

Answer 42

a substance formed from ancient organic material that is used to generate energy, such as coal, oil, and natural gas

Question 43

Effects of Climate Change

Answer 43

coral reefs harmed crops are producing less wildfires are burning longer and becoming more frequent

Question 44

What is climate change?

Answer 44

a shift in worldwide climate patterns, including warming temperatures and more frequent extreme events, like hurricanes

Question 45

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 45

the Earth’s atmosphere trapping heat from the sun which keeps Earth just the right temperature to survive

Question 46

solar radiation

Answer 46

energy from the sun

Question 47

conductors

Answer 47

particles are close together. particles get neighboring particles to vibrate easily material that allows for energy in the form of heat to be transferred metals and liquids are good examples

Question 48

insulators

Answer 48

particles are further apart. takes a lot of energy to get the particles in the material to vibrate gases are good examples vacuum - best example material that prevents thermal energy transfer

Question 49

radiation

Answer 49

the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves does NOT require matter

Question 50

conduction

Answer 50

the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of particles ex. touching a hot pan

Question 51

convection

Answer 51

the transfer of thermal energy in liquids and gases by particles moving in currents i.e. warm air circulating around the room

Question 52

kinetic energy

Answer 52

energy of motion

Question 53

potential energy

Answer 53

stored energy

Question 54

thermal energy transfer

Answer 54

the movement of thermal energy from a warmer/hotter area to a cooler area