Science Final Flashcards
Genetic variation
Differences in physical traits
Mutation
A change in the organism’s DNA
Gene flow
Movements of alleles from one population to another
Genetic drift
Changes in allele frequencies due to chance
Evolution
The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors
Convergent Evolution
Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species
Divergent Evolution
When closely related species evolve in different directions
Coevolution
The process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other
Macroevolution
Evolution of groups larger than an individual; evolution above species
Hardy Weinberg Equation
Used to predict genotype frequencies in a population
Physical features of primates
- Flexible hands and feet
- Forward-looking eyes
- Enlarged brains relative to body size
Shortest unit in the geological time scale
Epochs (EHP-uhks)
Cladogram
Shows patterns of shared traits
Viruses
An infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
Phages infect what type of cell
Bacteria
Lytic infections
An infection pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing new viral offspring into the host’s system
Vaccine
A substance that stimulates the body’s immune response against invasion by microbes
Antibiotics and bacteria
Antibiotics - chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria
Levels of Organization
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems
- Organism
Body Anatomy
Brains, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines
11 organ systems in the body
- Circulatory
- Digestive
- Endocrine
- Excretory
- Immune
- Integumentary
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Reproductive
- Respiratory
- Skeletal
