SCIENCE FINAL Flashcards
what happens to the density of an object if you cut the object in half
stays the same
why does ice float in water
it is less dense
name the layers of the atmosphere in order starting with the layer closest to earths surface
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
what layer of the earth contains the most water vapor
troposphere
as you move up in elevation, air pressure
decreases
hot air
rises
cold air
sinks
on which date does North America receive the most amount of sunlight
June 21st
what is the major source of energy for the earths surface
the sun
as pollution in the air increases, the amount of sunlight
increases
energy is transferred from the sun to earth mainly by
electromagnetic energy
why do water vapor and carbon dioxide increase the temperature of earths atmosphere
both are greenhouse gases and absorb heat
what colors absorb energy
dark colors
what colors reflect energy
light colors
the hydrological cycle
- evaporation
- transpiration
- condensation
- precipitation
the energy that allows the water cycle to occur comes from the
sun
how does moisture enter the atmosphere
transpiration and condensation
when you see water forming on the outside of a cold glass of water, what process occurred
condensation
how do dust particles influence the water cycle
provides surface for water to condense
what usually increases before precipitation occurs
relative humidity
types of precipitation
rain
snow
sleet
hail
what does an anemometer measure
wind speed
what does a wind vane measure
wind direction
what does a barometer measure
air pressure
wind is caused by a difference in
air pressure
how does air move in a high pressure system
counter clock wise
what kind of weather do high pressure systems bring
clear water
if air pressure is falling, what change in weather would you expect
storm is approaching
what two factors are used in wind measurement
direction and speed
which direction do low pressure systems move in the united states
clockwise
winds on earth follow a curving path due to earths..
rotation
hurricanes usually travel northwest and then move
northeast
weather predictions are based primarily on
air mass movements
the air over the land has
higher temperatures and lower air pressure
why do the regions near the equator have the hottest climates
they receive the most direct sunlight
how do summers and winters compare in a coastal location compared to an inland location
cooler summers and warmer winters
the weather characteristics of air masses result from
the place it forms
an air mass that forms over the Gulf of Mexico will feel
wet and hot
an air mass that forms over Canada will feel
dry and cold
fronts bring
precipitation
what waves are the shortest
gamma
what color is the longest
red
the thin, solid outer shell of the earth is called
lithosphere
two most abundant gases in our atmosphere
nitrogen and oxygen
water sphere of the earth
hydrosphere
latitude lines run
paralell
longitude lines meet at
poles
what mineral property are you testing by scratching glass
hardness
what mineral property is being tested when using a ceramic tile
streak
physical properties of minerals result from their
internal arrangement of atoms
all rocks are composed of
minerals
how are igneous rocks formed
melting and solidification
how are sedimentary rocks formed
weathering and erosion, deposition and burial, compaction and cementation
how are metamorphic rocks formed
heat and or pressure
rocks are classified by
how they are formed
roots splitting the sidewalk is an example of
physical weathering
acid rain breaking down a limestone statue is an example of
chemical weathering
what kind of climate speeds up weathering
hot and wet
humus is important for the formations of
soil
what kind of erosion is most common in deserts
wind erosion
the chief agent of erosion on earth is
running water
how will a rock look if it undergone erosion for a long period of time in a stream
round and smooth
scientists study ________ to infer that the earth has an outer and inner core
seismic waves (earthquakes)
which is thicker… continental crust or oceanic crust
continental
what part of the earth floats above a layer of hot magma
crust
as depth increases inside earth, what else increases
pressure
density
temperature
what part of the earths interior is liquid
outer core
the flow of the plastic mantel is caused by
convection
when oceanic crust sinks below continental crust, it is called
subduction
where do earthquakes most likely take place
along fault zones
order earths interior starting with the layer closest to earths surface
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
name of the supercontinent when the continents were united millions of years ago
Pangea
geocentric model
the earth is in the center of the planets and the sun
heliocentric model
the sun in the center of the planets
how long does it take the earth to complete one orbit around the sun
1 year
how long does it take earth to complete one rotation
1 day
our sun is considered a…
star
what force is responsible for keeping earths revolution around the sun
gravity
order in increasing size, universe planet, solar system, galaxy
planet,
solar system,
galaxy,
universe
what is the difference in distance between the earth and the moon verses the earth and the sun
the moon is closer to earth than the sun
