Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FMG Grade 8 decks > Science: Final > Flashcards

Science: Final Flashcards

1
Q

Section 1: Pressure

A

….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pressure

A

the force pushing on a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pressure formula

A

Force/Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure unit

A

N/cm^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pascal

A

Newton per square meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

A submerged object displaces, or takes the place of a volume of fluid equal to it’s own value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Archimedes’ Principle in relationship to the buoyant force…

A

Buoyant force= weight of the displaced fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Q: If the buoyant force on an object in water is equal to the object’s weight the object will….

A

float

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Q: At higher elevations, air pressure is…

A

less because there is less air above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Q: The buoyant force…

A

acts upward against the force of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Q: As depth increases, water pressure…

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Q: When would you exert less pressure on the floor? When your entire body is lying down on the floor, or when you are standing up. Why?

A

When your entire body is lying down on the floor because you exert a large mass on a larger area, spreading out your body’s mass and therefore exerting less pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Q: You have a closed bottle of soda . The force on the bottle cap due to the carbonation of the soda is 45 N. If the area of the bottle cap is 15 cm^2, what is the pressure on the cap? (Show work)

A

(Use formula)

45/15 = 3 N/cm^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Q: You suspend a pencil sharpener from a spring scale. It’s weight is 20.00 N. Next, you immerse the pencil sharpener in a tank of water. The pencil sharpener appears to weigh 17.5 N. What is the buoyant force acting on the pencil sharpener? Does it sink or float? Why? (Show work?
(Formula = normal weight - submerged weight)

A

20 - 17.5 = 2.5 N

The pencil sharpener sinks because the buoyant force is less than the object’s weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Q: An empty soda can is left on a table. The can is closed and surrounding room pressure is normal. Compare the pressure inside the can to the pressure outside the can. Explain your reasoning.

A

The pressure inside the can is greater to the pressure outside the can. The force is unequal because the pressure is acting in all directions, but only inside the can. This will cause the can to explode.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Q: Explain why you seem to weigh more on land than in water

A

You seem lighter in water because the buoyant force is pushing up against gravity. On land there is no buoyant force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Q: Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth. It is approximately 14.7 psi. Explain why we do not feel this pressure.

A

We don’t feel this pressure because the fluids inside out bodies balance the pressure outside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Section 2: Temperature and Thermal Energy

A

….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Total internal energy of a substances particles due to their movement. Depends on substances temperature, number of particles in amount, and particle arrangement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conductor

A

Material/substance that transfers thermal energy easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Insulator

A

Material/substance that does not transfer thermal energy easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Convection

A

Up and down movement of fluids caused by heat transfer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Convection Current

A

The heating, cooling, expanding, and contracting process of fluids transferring heat.
heated = becomes less dense and rises
cooled = becomes more dense and sinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The stages on a changes of state chart

A

solid, freezing/melting, liquid, condensation/vaporization, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Q: The process by which heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter itself is called…

A

conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Q: In which direction does heat move?

A

higher temperature to lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Q: Which method of heat transference does not require matter to transfer thermal energy

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Q: Heat is a transfer of

A

thermal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Q: 42 degrees Fahrenheit is how many degrees Celcius?

A

5.556

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Q: 95 degrees Celcius is how many Kelvins?

A

368.15

32
Q

Q: When you heat a pot of water on the stove, a convection current is formed. Explain how this convection current forms. Include in your answer what happens to the water near the heat source, water not near the heat source, and how this affects the waters density.

A

The water near the heat source will become hotter, and less dense. This will cause it to rise up. The water farther from the heat source will be more cool, more dense, and sink. This cycle will continue as the more dense water that has lowered becomes less dense, and the water that has risen cools and becomes more dense.

33
Q

Q: On a cold winter day would you rather wear a coat made of fabric or aluminum foil? Explain your choice using what you know about the properties of conductors, insulators, and heat transfer.

A

On a cold winter day I would rather wear a coat made of fabric because aluminum foil is a conductor, not an insulator. That means aluminum foil will not contain your body heat well, and you’ll be very cold. Fabric, on the other hand, is an excellent insulator because it keeps your body heat contained, and you’ll be generally warm on a cold winter day.

34
Q

Q: In one mug you have 470 mL of hot coffee. In another mug you have 470 mL of iced coffee. Which drink has particles with greater average kinetic energy?

A

The hot coffee has particles with a greater average kinetic energy because it is warmer and less dense, meaning the movement of the particles will be greater. Therefore, the hot coffee will have a greater kinetic energy than the iced coffee.

35
Q

Q: Which has the highest amount of thermal energy- a glass of 200g liquid with a temperature of 30 degrees Celcius or a glass of 300g liquid with a temperature of 60 degrees Celcius.

A

The second glass will have the highest amount of thermal energy because it is warmer, meaning less dense with more movement. It is also containing a greater mass. Therefore, there is more of it.

36
Q

Section 3: Forces

A

….

37
Q

Force

A

push or pull on an object resulting from the object’s interaction with another object. Forces have both SIZE & DIRECTION

38
Q

Balanced Forces

A

Equal forces acting on one object in opposite directions. (DON’T CHANGE CURRENT STATE OF MOTION)

39
Q

Unbalanced Forces

A

Cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change directions (accelerate)

40
Q

Net Force

A

Sum (overall) force acting on an object (same direction is + and different directions is -)

41
Q

Gravity

A

attractive force which pulls two objects toward each other. The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on two factors, MASS & DISTANCE

42
Q

Air resistance

A

Fluid Friction resulting from the object’s leading surface and air molecules. The amount of resistance depends on:

  • speed of object
  • amount of surface area
43
Q

Terminal Velocity

A

Moment at which air resistance equals to the force of gravity. Object reaches it’s greatest velocity. (Net Force 0)

44
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

(Inertia) An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

45
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

(F = M/A) When a constant force acts on a massive body, it causes it to accelerate at a constant velocity

46
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

47
Q

Momentum

A

Quantity of motion (mass x velocity)

48
Q

Q: Action and reaction forces don’t cancel each other out because the forces act…

A

on different objects

49
Q

Q: An object in “free-fall” only has the force of _____ acting upon it.

A

gravity

50
Q

Q: Friction acts in the direction _______ to the applied force.

A

opposite to

51
Q

Q: Explain how rockets are launched into space…

A

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

52
Q

Q: Why heavier objects require more force than lighter objects to move or accelerate them.

A

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

53
Q

Q: While riding on a skateboard you fly forward off the skateboard after hitting a rock.

A

Newton’s First Law of Motion

54
Q

Q: At what rate on Earth does an object in FREE-FALL accelerate?

A

9.8 m/s^2

55
Q

Section 4: Energy

A

….

56
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do “work” or cause change

57
Q

“Work”

A

product of FORCE + DISTANCE when a force is used to move an object

58
Q

Joule

A

Unit of work and energy

59
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy of position possessed by an object (“held in readiness”)
mass x 9.8 x height

60
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of Motion

Formula: mass x velocity^2 / 2

61
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

62
Q

Forms of Potential Energy

A

Chemical, Nuclear, Stored Mechanical, Gravitational, etc.

63
Q

Forms of Kinetic Energy

A

Radiant. Thermal, Motion, Sound, Electrical, etc.

64
Q

Section 5: Motion

A

….

65
Q

Motion

A

State in which one object’s distance from another is changing

66
Q

Reference Point

A

Place or object used for comparison (position).

67
Q

Velocity

A

Speed with direction OR rate of change of position

68
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate at which velocity changes (a change in speed or direction)
Formula: Final velocity - Initial velocity / Time

69
Q

Graph of distance and time for acceleration and constant speed

A

Acceleration: curves
Constant: Linear

70
Q

Graph of velocity and time for acceleration and constant speed

A

Acceleration: Linear
Constant: Horizontal

71
Q

Q: A “merry-go-ride” at a carnival is constantly accelerating because it is…

A

always changing directions

72
Q

Average Speed Formula

A

Initial + Final / 2

73
Q

Speed Formula

A

distance / time

74
Q

Velocity Formula

A

acceleration x time

75
Q

Acceleration Formula

A

force / mass

76
Q

Q: A car moving with a constant velocity is a car with zero acceleration

A

True

FMG Grade 8 decks (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions