Science Exam S1 Flashcards by Park Weaver

7 Characteristics of Living Things

homeostasis,reproduction, cells, stimuli, dna,growth,energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biotic

Living, came from something living, once was living

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abiotic

Never living, no life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Homeostasis

maintain/ regulate body changes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Carbohydrates( all end in -ose)

Lactose, Fructose, Glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carbohydrate similarities

have C,H,O, have carbon rings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carb. Differences

number of carbon rings, cho ratios

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a monomer

a single macromolecule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a polymer

Many macromolecules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the central element for all living things

carbon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what process allows monomers to become polymers and produces water as a product

dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organic molecules from smallest

cell<monomer<polymer<macromolecule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is carbon so special compared to other elements?

Has 4 valence electrons and can bond 4 times

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

similar structure=?

similar functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which phase of photosynthesis produces oxygen

Light Independent Reactions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is not a factor that affects photosynthesis

number of mitochondria in cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens during LIR stage

Carbon dioxide is absorbed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is the correct order of processes that occur as water moves from a lake to a cloud and then back to Earth’s surface

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is carbon removed from atmosphere

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One of the biggest ideas of the cycling of matter is?

that matter is conserved and recycled

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where do animals get nitrogen

eating food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

photosynthesis is a two part thing. Why can’t one happen without the other

energy is made in one and used in the other

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

primary purpose of photosynthesis?

to make glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why is a leaf green

all colors are absorbed except green

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic uses oxygen

cellular respiration produces a cell with

ATP Molecules

glucose can be used as

quick energy

what 4 substances are being recycled between photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide,Oxygen,Glucose,Water

where does cellular respiration primarily happen in a cell

mitochondria

main reason for carbohydrates

provide energy

what do simple carbs do

provide short term energy. Sweet tasting things. Soda, candy etc.

what do complex carbs do

provide long term energy. Savory tasting like pasta and potatoes

simplest form of carbs

monosaccharides

what does it mean when it says that mitochondria is powerhouse of the cell

it creates energy by breaking down glucose

Parasitism

one organism suffers while the other benefits

commensalism

One organism benefits while the other one is mutual

mutualism

both benefit

predation

both organisms fight for resources and both suffer

in an ecological pyramid which level had most energy

producers

population density is?

all the individuals of a species in one area

what is a factor that would spread more in a high density population

disease

Three factors that affect population size

births,deaths, leaving or entering population.

Exponential growth can be described as

a J-Shaped curve

Why is a vegetarian diet more energy-efficient for humans than one based on beef, chicken, or pork?

Humans get more energy by directly eating plants

Three parts of the cell theory

1. Cells are the basic structure of life 2. All living things are made of cells 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

All plants are made up of cells

Schleiden

All animals made of cells

Schwann

Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?

free floating in cytoplasm

same components found in Prokaryotic and Eurkaryotic cells

DNA, cell membrane,cytoplasm,ribosomes

what makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?

ribosomes

Rough ER

modifies, folds and assembles proteins

Golgi apperatus

packages and ships proteins across cell

Vacuole

stores water, nutrients and waste products

Lysosomes

"cell doctor" cleans cell, removes wastes

Hooke

Named the cell

Leewenhoek

discovered bacteria

Remack

originally said " cells are in all living things"

Virchow

stole remack's theory

Chloroplast

stores chlorofill, only in plants

Nucleus

brain of the cell stores DNA inside only in eukaryotes

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

Euk. have a nucleus and Pro. DNA is free floating

Covalent bond

Is what connects hydrogen to water in H20

Hydrogen bond

connects 2 water molecules. ( one hydrogen to another oxygen)

Lipid examples

Butter,oil,triglycerides and fats

3 main lipid uses

insulation,long term energy and protection

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty acid tail

unsaturated has a kink in it

Phospholipid bylayer

the heads are polar and hydrophillic and the heads are nonpolar and hydrophobic

What happens when oil tries to mix with water? And salt can

It can't because oil is nonpolar so it can't mix together. Salt can because its polar and can mix with water

What arrangement of electrons would result in a nonpolar molecule?

An equal electron distribution

what elements are in lipids

CHO

Which part of the cell membrane attracts water molecules?

hydrophillic phospholipid heads

direct result of damage to a phospholipid bilayer?

balance of ions inside the cell disrupted and the proteins will leak out because phospholipid bylayer forms membrane

How do small uncharged particles like CO2 and O2 travel through the cell membrane?

because they're small and nonpolar so they can pass on through the membrane

what forms the channels in the phospholipid bylayer

proteins

active transport

molecule goes from low to high concentration against the molecule flow and uses energy

Which process is characterized by the movement of particles across the plasma membrane WITHOUT the use of energy?

passive transport

During diffusion, molecules move?

high to low

Which best describes equilibrium?

particles move into and out of the cell but the concentrations are the same

isotonic

equal/the same

hypotonic

water enters the cell because there are more solutes inside the cell

hypertonic

water leaves the cell because there are more solutes outside the cell

For diffusion to occur, which condition must be met?

must be a concentration gradient

Which best describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

diffusion is particle movement from high to low, osmosis is water movement from high to low

During osmosis water does what?

Moves from dilute to concentrated