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;) > Science Exam S1 > Flashcards

Science Exam S1 Flashcards

1
Q

7 Characteristics of Living Things

A

homeostasis,reproduction, cells, stimuli, dna,growth,energy

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Living, came from something living, once was living

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

Never living, no life

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintain/ regulate body changes

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5
Q

3 Carbohydrates( all end in -ose)

A

Lactose, Fructose, Glucose

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6
Q

Carbohydrate similarities

A

have C,H,O, have carbon rings

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7
Q

Carb. Differences

A

number of carbon rings, cho ratios

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8
Q

What is a monomer

A

a single macromolecule

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9
Q

What is a polymer

A

Many macromolecules

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10
Q

What is the central element for all living things

A

carbon

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11
Q

what process allows monomers to become polymers and produces water as a product

A

dehydration synthesis

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12
Q

organic molecules from smallest

A

cell<monomer<polymer<macromolecule

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13
Q

Why is carbon so special compared to other elements?

A

Has 4 valence electrons and can bond 4 times

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14
Q

similar structure=?

A

similar functions

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15
Q

which phase of photosynthesis produces oxygen

A

Light Independent Reactions

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16
Q

what is not a factor that affects photosynthesis

A

number of mitochondria in cells

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17
Q

What happens during LIR stage

A

Carbon dioxide is absorbed

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18
Q

Which is the correct order of processes that occur as water moves from a lake to a cloud and then back to Earth’s surface

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

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19
Q

how is carbon removed from atmosphere

A

photosynthesis

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20
Q

One of the biggest ideas of the cycling of matter is?

A

that matter is conserved and recycled

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21
Q

where do animals get nitrogen

A

eating food

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22
Q

photosynthesis is a two part thing. Why can’t one happen without the other

A

energy is made in one and used in the other

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23
Q

primary purpose of photosynthesis?

A

to make glucose

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24
Q

why is a leaf green

A

all colors are absorbed except green

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25
Q

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration

A

Aerobic uses oxygen

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26
Q

cellular respiration produces a cell with

A

ATP Molecules

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27
Q

glucose can be used as

A

quick energy

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28
Q

what 4 substances are being recycled between photosynthesis

A

Carbon Dioxide,Oxygen,Glucose,Water

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29
Q

where does cellular respiration primarily happen in a cell

A

mitochondria

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30
Q

main reason for carbohydrates

A

provide energy

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31
Q

what do simple carbs do

A

provide short term energy. Sweet tasting things. Soda, candy etc.

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32
Q

what do complex carbs do

A

provide long term energy. Savory tasting like pasta and potatoes

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33
Q

simplest form of carbs

A

monosaccharides

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34
Q

what does it mean when it says that mitochondria is powerhouse of the cell

A

it creates energy by breaking down glucose

35
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism suffers while the other benefits

36
Q

commensalism

A

One organism benefits while the other one is mutual

37
Q

mutualism

A

both benefit

38
Q

predation

A

both organisms fight for resources and both suffer

39
Q

in an ecological pyramid which level had most energy

A

producers

40
Q

population density is?

A

all the individuals of a species in one area

41
Q

what is a factor that would spread more in a high density population

A

disease

42
Q

Three factors that affect population size

A

births,deaths, leaving or entering population.

43
Q

Exponential growth can be described as

A

a J-Shaped curve

44
Q

Why is a vegetarian diet more energy-efficient for humans than one based on beef, chicken, or pork?

A

Humans get more energy by directly eating plants

45
Q

Three parts of the cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic structure of life
  2. All living things are made of cells
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
46
Q

All plants are made up of cells

A

Schleiden

47
Q

All animals made of cells

A

Schwann

48
Q

Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?

A

free floating in cytoplasm

49
Q

same components found in Prokaryotic and Eurkaryotic cells

A

DNA, cell membrane,cytoplasm,ribosomes

50
Q

what makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?

A

ribosomes

51
Q

Rough ER

A

modifies, folds and assembles proteins

52
Q

Golgi apperatus

A

packages and ships proteins across cell

53
Q

Vacuole

A

stores water, nutrients and waste products

54
Q

Lysosomes

A

“cell doctor” cleans cell, removes wastes

55
Q

Hooke

A

Named the cell

56
Q

Leewenhoek

A

discovered bacteria

57
Q

Remack

A

originally said “ cells are in all living things”

58
Q

Virchow

A

stole remack’s theory

59
Q

Chloroplast

A

stores chlorofill, only in plants

60
Q

Nucleus

A

brain of the cell stores DNA inside only in eukaryotes

61
Q

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

A

Euk. have a nucleus and Pro. DNA is free floating

62
Q

Covalent bond

A

Is what connects hydrogen to water in H20

63
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

connects 2 water molecules. ( one hydrogen to another oxygen)

64
Q

Lipid examples

A

Butter,oil,triglycerides and fats

65
Q

3 main lipid uses

A

insulation,long term energy and protection

66
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty acid tail

A

unsaturated has a kink in it

67
Q

Phospholipid bylayer

A

the heads are polar and hydrophillic and the heads are nonpolar and hydrophobic

68
Q

What happens when oil tries to mix with water? And salt can

A

It can’t because oil is nonpolar so it can’t mix together. Salt can because its polar and can mix with water

69
Q

What arrangement of electrons would result in a nonpolar molecule?

A

An equal electron distribution

70
Q

what elements are in lipids

A

CHO

71
Q

Which part of the cell membrane attracts water molecules?

A

hydrophillic phospholipid heads

72
Q

direct result of damage to a phospholipid bilayer?

A

balance of ions inside the cell disrupted and the proteins will leak out because phospholipid bylayer forms membrane

73
Q

How do small uncharged particles like CO2 and O2 travel through the cell membrane?

A

because they’re small and nonpolar so they can pass on through the membrane

74
Q

what forms the channels in the phospholipid bylayer

A

proteins

75
Q

active transport

A

molecule goes from low to high concentration against the molecule flow and uses energy

76
Q

Which process is characterized by the movement of particles across the plasma membrane WITHOUT the use of energy?

A

passive transport

77
Q

During diffusion, molecules move?

A

high to low

78
Q

Which best describes equilibrium?

A

particles move into and out of the cell but the concentrations are the same

79
Q

isotonic

A

equal/the same

80
Q

hypotonic

A

water enters the cell because there are more solutes inside the cell

81
Q

hypertonic

A

water leaves the cell because there are more solutes outside the cell

82
Q

For diffusion to occur, which condition must be met?

A

must be a concentration gradient

83
Q

Which best describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

A

diffusion is particle movement from high to low, osmosis is water movement from high to low

84
Q

During osmosis water does what?

A

Moves from dilute to concentrated

;) (9 decks)

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