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science exam prep Flashcards

1
Q

define crude oil

A

a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

define a hydrocarbon

A

a molecule/compound containing hydrogen and carbon ONLY

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3
Q

define an alkane

A

a hydrocarbon containing only SINGLE bonds

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4
Q

what is the general formula for an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

define and alkene

A

a hydrocarbon containing at least one DOUBLE bond

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6
Q

what is the general formula for an alkene

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

what is fractional distillation?

A

a method of separating hydrocarbons based on their boiling points

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8
Q

what is bromine water and what is the difference when you add alkene and all alkanes to it?

A
  • bromine water is a chemical hat is orange/brown
  • if you add alkanes, the water does NOT change colour, it stays orange/brown
  • if you add alkanes, the water will change colourless
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9
Q

what is cracking?

A

it breaks long chain hydrocarbons into more useful short chain hydrocarbons

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10
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

a chemical that speeds up a reaction

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11
Q

what are the first 4 alkanes?

A

1- methane
2- ethane
3- propane
4- beutane

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12
Q

finish the equation:

metal + acid = ?

A

metal + acid = hydrogen + water

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13
Q

what is portable water?

A

water that is safe to drink

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14
Q

which gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere?

A

nitrogen

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15
Q

finish the equation:

acid + alkali —> ?

A

acid + alkali —> salt + water

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16
Q

why is cracking important?

A

it is breaking down large hydrocarbons into more useful short chain hydrocarbons

17
Q

what is the method for separation crude oil called?

A

fractional distillation

18
Q

when testing gases, what happens to oxygen?

A

glowing splint re-lights

19
Q

when testing gases, what happens to carbon dioxide?

A

turns lime water cloudy

20
Q

when testing gases what happens to hydrogen?

A

the lit splint gives a squeaky pop

21
Q

when testing gases, what happens to chlorine?

A

damp litmus paper turns white

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