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Physical Science > Science Exam Part 1 > Flashcards

Science Exam Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fossil Fuels formed from organisms that changed _________ energy from the sun to ________energy

A

Radiant

Chemical potential

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2
Q

What is Petroleum used for?

A

Gasoline, fuel oil, diesel, and kerosene. These fuels are burned mainly to power cars, trucks,planes, and to heat buildings.

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3
Q

What is Coal used for?

A

Electric power plants, heating buildings, producing steel and concrete. It also makes acid rain because of the pollutants it produces.

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4
Q

What is Natural Gas used for?

A

About half of all homes in the USA use natural gas for heating. Electric power plants burn it. It produces less pollution.

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5
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space is?

A

Matter

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6
Q

What charges do electrons, protons, and neutrons have?

A

Protons-positive
Neutrons- positive
Electrons- negative

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7
Q

What Is matter with a composition that is always the same?

A

Substance

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8
Q

What is a substance that consists of just one type of atom?

A

An element

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9
Q

What is a type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together?

A

Compound

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10
Q

Amount of matter in an object.

A

Mass

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11
Q

What are some examples of size dependent properties?

A

Mass and volume.

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12
Q

What are some examples of size independent properties?

A

Melting and boiling point, density, electrical conductivity, and solubility.

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13
Q

Ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

A

Solubility

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14
Q

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

A

Density

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15
Q

Is a change in size, shape, form, or state of matter in which that matter’s identity stays the same.

A

Physical changes

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16
Q

What happens when thermal energy is added to a solid?

A

The particles in the solid move faster and faster, and the temperature increases.

17
Q

What happens when the particles are moving too fast for attractive forces to hold them tightly together?

A

The solid reaches its melting point.

18
Q

What happens when thermal energy is removed?

A

Particles in the gas move more slowly and the temperature decreases and condensation will occur when the particles are moving slowly enough for attractive forces to pull them tightly together.

19
Q

Is a characteristic of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter.

A

Chemical property

20
Q

Is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties.

A

Chemical change

21
Q

What three factors increase the rate of chemical reaction?

A

Temperature, Concentration, surface area.

22
Q

Amount of substance in s certain volume/

A

Concentration

23
Q

What are three types of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, natural gas, and petroleum.

24
Q

who believed that matter is made of small, solid objects that cannot be divided, created, or destroyed.

A

Democritus

25
Q

elements that spontaneously emit radiation

A

Radioactive

26
Q

Is a process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation.

A

Nuclear decay

27
Q

________ particle is made of two protons and two neutrons.

When an atoms release a/an _______its atomic number decreases by two.

A

Alpha decay

28
Q

When _________decay occurs, a neutron changes into a proton and a high-energy electron called a/an ______particle.
The atomic number of an atom increases by one because it has gained a proton.

A

Beta Decay

29
Q

because _______rays do not contain particles, the release of __________rays does not change one electron into another element.

A

Gamma

30
Q

Is an atom, that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost electrons.

A

Ion

31
Q

An atom with a positive charge is a/an positive what?

A

Ion

32
Q

an with a negative charge is a/an

A

Negative ion

33
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different by,her of neutrons is.

A

An isotope

34
Q

What is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number

Physical Science (4 decks)

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