Science Exam - Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What is the difference between a chemical and a physical change?

A

A: A chemical change creates a new substance, while a physical change alters appearance without changing composition.

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2
Q

Q: Name three signs of a chemical reaction.

A

A: Colour change, gas production, formation of a precipitate, Smell, Heat, Light.

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3
Q

Q: What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

A: Mass can not be created nor destroyed, only changed.

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4
Q

Q: Define acid and base.

A

A: An acid donates protons (H+ ions), while a base accepts protons in a reaction.

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5
Q

Q: What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A: A reaction where an acid and base react to form water and a salt.

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6
Q

Q: What does the pH scale measure?

A

A: The acidity or basicity of a solution; 0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 8-14 is basic.

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7
Q

Q: What is a precipitation reaction?

A

A: A reaction where two solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate).

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8
Q

Q: Define combustion reaction.

A

A: A reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, often producing heat and light.

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9
Q

Q: Name four ways to increase the rate of a reaction.

A

A: Increasing temperature, surface area, concentration, and adding a catalyst.

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10
Q

Q: What is radioactivity?

A

A: The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable atomic nuclei.

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11
Q

Q: Describe the types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma.

A

A: Alpha particles are heavy, beta particles are lighter electrons, and gamma rays are high-energy waves.

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12
Q

Q: What is an isotope?

A

A: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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13
Q

Q: Explain how to balance a chemical equation.

A

A: Adjust the coefficients to ensure the same number of each atom on both sides of the equation.

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