Science Exam Flashcards
The 3 branches of science and what they are.
Life science- study of living things.
Earth science- study of the earth’s landforms, soil, etc.
Physical science- the study of chemistry and physics.
The meaning of science.
The investigation and exploration of natural events and new information that comes from them.
Steps of science inquiry. (In order.)
Hypothesize, predict, test hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results.
What bias is and two ways to get rid of it.
Intentional or unintentional prejudice towards a specific outcome. 2 ways to prevent it are blind study and repetition of results.
The characteristics of life and their definition.
Organization- each cell has a purpose.
Growth- increasing in size throughout lifetime.
Reproduction- the process in which one organism makes more.
Response to stimuli- the ability to respond to things happening.
Homeostasis- the ability to maintain steady internal conditions.
Energy- what keeps all living things thriving.
The 2 parts of binomial nomenclature.
Species, genus.
The difference between light and electron microscopes.
Light microscopes use light and a lens to magnify an object; electron microscopes use a magnetic field to focus beams on an object’s surface or through an object.
The 3 parts of cell theory
- All living things are made up of one or more than one cell.
- The cell is the smallest unit of life.
- All new cells come from preexisting cells.
The functions of the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Cell membrane- protects the inside of a cell.
Cell wall- a stiff wall outside the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm- a fluid inside the cell.
Nucleus- contains genetic information and directs all cell activity.
The functions of the mitochondria, vacuole, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus.
Mitochondria- the powerhouse of a cell.
Vacuole- holds water, food, and waste.
Chloroplast- organisms that make food from light energy.
Golgi apparatus- prepares protein for specific jobs and functions.
The difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
A prokaryotic cell doesn’t have a nucleus, while a eukaryotic cell does.
The forms of transport and their definitions.
Passive transport- the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy.
Diffusion- the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Osmosis- the diffusion of water molecules through a membrane.
Facilitated diffusion- molecules passing through the membrane with transport proteins.
The difference between cellular respiration and fermentation.
Cellular respiration uses ATP and fermentation doesn’t.
The cell cycle in order.
G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis.
The parts of mitosis and their definitions.
Prophase- copied DNA condenses into chromosomes.
Metaphase- fibers push and pull the duplicated chromosomes to the middle of the cell.
Anaphase- two sister chromotids separate from each other.
Telophase- the spindle fibers begin to disappear.
