Science Exam #5 Flashcards
Independent
Factors that change in an experiment.
Constant
Factor that stays the same.
Dependent (responding)
Factor that may be affected because of the independent variable
Control group
Used as a comparison group
Experimental group
Group that received the independent variables
Quantitative
Measured by quantity; always includes a number (example: 15 centimeters, 2 dogs, 5 people)
Qualitative
Descriptions based characteristics (example: red, tall, and metal
Diffusion
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower quality
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Passive transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
Active transport
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy
Endocytosis
The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a vesicles and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
Exocytosis
The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fusses with the cell membrane
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
Cellular respiration
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
Fermentation
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
Cell cycle
The cycle of a cell
Chromosome
In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Mitosis
In a eukaryotic cell a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
The independent changes and the dependent may be effected by the independent variable.
Why are constant variables important?
They are needed to make your experiments more accurate
What are the steps of the scientific method in order?
1 question 2 research 3 hypothesis 4 construct the experiment 5 analyze the data 6 conclusion
Temperature
Thermometer
Mass
Triple-beam-balance
Volume (regular)
Ruler
Volume (irregular)
Graduated cylinder
Length
Ruler
Density (3)
1 graduated cylinder
2 triple beam balance
3 ruler
What is bias in an experiment?
When someone influences an experiment to make it go a certain way
What is experimental error
When scientists cannot control a variable during an experiment
What are two characteristics of prokaryotes
1 single celled
2 no nucleus
What are two characteristics of eukaryotes
1 single/multi- celled
2 nucleus
Mitochondria
Energy, ATP
Cell membrane
Separates the cell from the cell’s environment
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Golgi Complex
Packages/distributes proteins
Nucleus
Has DNA, brain
Lysosomes
Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Production process of lipids, proteins, and other materials
List the 4 different levels of organization in multicellular organisms
(In order)
1 cell
2 cell tissue
3 organ
4 organ system
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
Interphase
Copy DNA
Prophase
Chromosomes condense from long strands into rodlike structures
Metaphase
Nuclear membrane I’d dissolved
Anaphase
Chromatids separate
Telephase
Mitosis is complete
Cytokinesis
Cell wall pinches in two/ a cell plate forms between two new cells
