Science exam 2 Flashcards
Energy is?
the ability to do work
Energy is measure in?
joules
8 types of energy
electrical, mechanical, sound, heat, kinetic, potential, chemical, light
photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2
where does photosynthesis occur
photosythesis occurs in the chloroplast organelle inside a plant cell, each chloroplast cell contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll
things that influence photosynthesis
Light intensity, too much to too little and phtosynthesis will not occur
wave length or colour, red is the best, green is the worst
energy transfers from sunlight hitting a plant to us eating an animal
sunlight hits a plant, plant photosynthesises, animal eats the plant, human eat the animal
light energy > chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy > heat+kinetic+stored chemical energy
what type of energy is in action as a car rolls down a hill
Kinetic energy
what is potential energy
Energy that is stored until a raection takes place
what type of energy is stored in a battery
chemical energy
what is peak oil
peak oil is the peak in world oil production/removal of natural reserves
why is peak oil a risk for our future
oil price go up
oil reserves go down and become harder to access
we will run out of oil
oil is used in nearly everything and we will need to find new ways of manufacturing products
what does CSIRO stand for
Commonwealth, Scientific, Industrial, Research, Oragnsiation
what has CSIRO invented
wifi, solar panels, polymer bank notes
Greenhouse effect
the trapping of radiated heat rays from earth by the earths atmosphere to keep a constant livable temperature. Natural process
Global warming
An increase in global temperatures due to an increase in greenhouse gases and trapping radiated energy
Enhanced greenhouse effect
an increase in greenhouse gases due to the burning of fossil fuels, meaning more energy is trapped in the atmosphere, heating the earth
Greenhouse gases
gases that trap the heat in the earths atmosphere
Climate change
changing in the earths climate which are permanent and cause extreme weather and increased temperatures
Carbon sink
something that captures, absorbs and stores carbon, removing it from the atmosphere. such as a large tree plantation, ocean.
4 greenhouse gases, their chemical symbol, and main source they came from
CO2, carbon dioxide, burning of fossil fuels
H2O, water vapour, evaporation of water
CFC’s, chloroflurocarbon, fridges, airconditioners
CH4, methane, landfills, cows, sheep, swamps
NO2, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid
Kinetic energy
energy due to motion or movement, moving car
Chemical energy
energy that is hidden until a reaction takes place, fireworks, battery
Light energy
energy that can be seen as light, burning a match
Gravitational potential
stored energy because of it’s height above ground, ball held above head
Thermal/heat energy
energy that comes from heat, a cup of hot tea
Electrical energy
energy that can be transformed to make something happen. It comes from electrical current. Lightning, electrical coils in a stove
4 ways carbon is stored
ocean, fossil fuels, forrests, living organisms
what is sustainability
being sustainable by maintaining the same amount of resources and environmental health fot the next generation
why do we need CO2 in the atmosphere
CO2 in the atmosphere acts like the earths blanket trapping heat from the suns rays, keeping the earths temperature constant and livable
Hydrosphere
the water on and surrounding the surface of the earth, including lakes, oceans and water in the atmosphere
Lithosphere
the solid portion of the earth, the crust and upper mantle
Biosphere
the part of the earths crust, waters and atmosphere that can support life.
Atmosphere
the gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth
Troposphere
the lowest level of the atmosphere
The earth’s temperature depends on
The temperature depends on the thickness/amoutn of gases in the atmopshere which controls how much heat is trapped from the sun
similarities + differences between a greenhouse and the earths atmosphere
- they both trap heat
- the glass in greenhouse traps the heat
- gases in the atmosphere traps the heat
- they both filter sunlight
connection between fossil fuels and global warming
the burning of fossil fuels releases more CO2 into the atmosphere which cause more heat to bne trapped, causing an increase in global temperatures
how does clearing rainforest contribute to global warming
- less plants phtosynthesising, more carbon in the atmosphere
- the burning of forests release CO2 into the atmosphere
how is carbon dioxide removed naturally from the atmosphere
plants photosynthesising, oceans
why does ozone depletion result in higher levels of UV radiation
the ozone layer stops a lot of UV radiation reaching the earth, so with less ozone more UV radiation reaches the earth
how do coal plants generate electricity
The burning of coal, heats water into steam which then turn turbines connected to a generator that generates electricity
what does renewable energy mean
energy that comes from natural resources such as the sun or wind, that will never run out or is naturally replenished
explain which source of energy production we should use and why
solar electricity;
- australia is very sunny
- can run on just daylight
- each house could be fitted with solar panels
- energy would then not need to be transported
- new technology being developed to make it cheaper and easier to make the panels
main differences between plant and animal cells
- plant cells have a cell wall
- plant cells has a large vacuole
- plant cells contain chloroplast and chlorophyll
