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Science Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Type of glacier that covers and in a sheet of ice

A

continental glacier

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2
Q

water that has seeped through soil and rock and is stored underground

A

groundwater

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3
Q

the area at the top of the glacier where snow adds up

A

zone of accumulation

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4
Q

underground areas where groundwater dissolved minerals away

A

karst topography

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5
Q

zone where air can be found in between soil and rock particles

A

zone of aeration

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6
Q

large masses of frozen ice

A

glaciers

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7
Q

permeable, underground rock layer where groundwater can be stored

A

aquifer

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8
Q

the name of the boundary at the top edge of groundwater

A

water table

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9
Q

grainy, compacted ice (blue in color)

A

firn

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10
Q

how much open space is in between the sediments of a rock layer

A

porosity

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11
Q

formed when the roof of an underground cavern collapses

A

sinkhole

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12
Q

zone where water completely fills in all gaps between sediments

A

zone of saturation

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13
Q

example of a continental glacier

A

Greenland

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14
Q

the area of land that drains into a certain river system

A

watershed

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15
Q

a river bed generally formed by a youthful river

A

V sheaped channel

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16
Q

when liquid is transformed into a gas

A

evaporation

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17
Q

built up barriers meant to keep rivers from flooding

A

levee

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18
Q

a place where ground water is heated and erupts through a small opening in the ground

A

geyser

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19
Q

when a gas is transformed into a liquid

A

condensation

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20
Q

the process where the water created in photosynthesis is released to the atmosphere

A

transpiration

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21
Q

the cause for groundwater being drawn to the nearest body of water

A

gravity

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22
Q

a riverbed generally formed from a mature river

A

U shaped channel

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23
Q

the process where the topsoil and vegetation are replaced with impenetrable surfaces causing more runoff in an area

A

Urbanization

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24
Q

water that has relatively low levels of dissolved minerals in it

A

soft water

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25
the elevated region (many times mountains) that divide watershed drainage regions
divide
26
the stage of the water cycle where water in various forms return to the surface from the atmosphere
precipitation
27
small continental glaciers
ice caps
28
longer and narrower than continental glaciers
valley glacier
29
glaciers exist on every continent except BLANK.
Australia
30
how do glaciers get bigger or smaller
precipitation and evaporation
31
glaciers move how far in a day
a few millimeters to a few meters
32
the force that pulls molecules on the surface of a liquid together and creates a layer
surface tension
33
the force of attraction between different molecules
adhesion
34
water in a glass tube that forms a curved surface line c
meniscus
35
the molecular attraction between different particles of the same substance
cohesion
36
a substance's ability to absorb heat energy
specific heat
37
when water vapor cools to the exact temperature it needs to turn into a liquid
dew point
38
most BLANK won't fall to earth
water vapor
39
the change of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid in the middle
sublimation
40
the relationship between all the inputs and outputs within the water cycle
water budget
41
Inputs in the water budget
precipitation, condensation
42
outputs in the water budget
evaporation, transpiration, sublimation
43
what determines how much water plants lose?
temperature, plant type, humidity, wind, soil type
44
the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid
condensation
45
phrase scientists use to describe how much water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature
relative humidity
46
water cycle is also called what?
the hydrologic cycle
47
steps of the water cycle
1. Evaporation 2. Transpiration\ 3. Condensation 4. Precipitation 5. Sublimation
48
the main way that water enters the atmosphere--liquid water converts into water vapor
evaporation
49
power produced from moving water
hydroelectric power
50
benefits of hydroelectric power
does not pollute, very economical, renewable
51
manmade lakes used to store water
reservoirs
52
negative effects of dams and reservoirs
money
53
how do ponds form
by retreating glaciers, by rivers changing course, rivers or streams becoming blocked, man-made ponds
54
ponds generally have a BLANK life
short
55
how do lakes form
glaciers retreating, rivers changing course, tectonic plate movement, rivers being dammed
56
lakes may have different layers of temperature
thermal stratification
57
water that flows along the surface
runoff
58
when the runoff erodes the soil at least 30 cm, the narrow trench is called BLANK
gully
59
the path that a stream follows
channel
60
surface features of a region
topography
61
V shaped streams with steep sides and flow quickly in straight lines
mountain streams
62
streams with rounded banks and tend to meander
flatland streams
63
drainage basin/area of land that drains into a particular river system
watershed
64
one of the largest watersheds in the world
Amazon Basin
65
the largest watershed in the US
Mississippi River Basin
66
a ridge or other elevated region that separates watersheds
divide
67
water that contains high levels of dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium
hard water
68
water that does not have high levels of dissolved minerals
soft water
69
how can cities reduce pollution into water sources
reduce dumping waste into streams and rivers, use other substances besides salt on roads in winter, reduce deforestation to reduce runoff
70
three types of rivers
youthful, mature, old
71
youthful rivers are ...
fast-flowing and forceful steep V-shaped channel deeper than they are wide many have rapids or waterfalls small amounts of water few trivutaries
72
Mature rivers are . . .
meandering path at low elevation wider than they are deep many truibutaries more water not as forceful lost their waterfalls and rapids can form oxbow lakes
73
old rivers are . . .
slow-moving and flat no erosion not man tributaries build up lots of sediments
74
what can cause rivers to be rejuvenated?
when something causes the slope and power to increase
75
runoff can happen if . . .
1. the ground is already saturated 2. urbanization has occured 3. the topography of the area includes steeper elevation changes so the water runs downhill more
76

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