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YR 10 EXAM/TEST PREP > SCIENCE EXAM > Flashcards

SCIENCE EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Distance

A

A measure of how far apart objects are e.g. metres, kilometres

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2
Q

Speed

A

A measure of how fast something moves

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3
Q

Average Speed

A

How fast something moves overall

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4
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

Your speed at a particular time

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate at which the object changes it’s velocity

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6
Q

Terminal Velocity

A

The constant speed that a free falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium (i.e. Air Resistance) through which it is falling prevents further acceleration

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7
Q

Average acceleration formula

A

Change in speed/time
=final speed-initial speed/time
or v-u/t

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8
Q

Final speed formula

A

Final speed=Initial speed+(average acceleration x time taken)
or v=u+a x t

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9
Q

Converting units

A

Speed in km/h divide 3.6 to get m/s
Speed in m/s multiply 3.6 to get km/h

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10
Q

Average speed formula

A

Average Speed=Distance travelled/time taken
or v=d/t

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11
Q

Distance Formula

A

Distance=Average speed x time
or d=v x t

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12
Q

Time formula

A

Time=Distance/average speed
or t=d/v

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13
Q

Distance time graph

A

Shows how far an object travels as time progresses

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14
Q

Features of a Distance time graph

A

1.Flat line
2.Steep slope
3.Gentle slope
4.Slope

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15
Q

Flat line

A

Indicates that motion has stopped

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16
Q

Steep slope

A

indicates that object covers greater distance, means it’s moving fast

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17
Q

Gentle slope

A

Means moving slow

18
Q

Slope

A

Is also known as gradient. The gradient or slope is equivalent to the objects speed over a time interval

19
Q

Speed time graphs

A

Shows an objects speed changes over time

20
Q

Features of a speed time graph

A

-Constant, flat line
-Increase, graph rising upwards
-Decrease, graph falling down

21
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

An object at rest will remain this way unless it is acted upon by a force. Basically an object will ‘keep doing what it was doing’ unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

22
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency to resist any change in motion. The larger that mass of an object, the greater the it’s inertia, and the harder it is to change its motion.

23
Q

Unbalanced forces

A

Causes change in speed, direction, state or motion.

24
Q

Balanced forces

A

If the forces of objects are equal and opposite, they are said to be balanced, and the object experiences no change in motion.

25
Q

Newtons second law

A

An object will accelerate in the direction of an unbalanced force acting upon it. The size of this acceleration depends upon the mass of the object and the size of the force acting on it.

26
Q

According to Newton’s second law

A

A larger force is needed to accelerate a heavy load then a lighter load.
A larger force is required to make something accelerate at a faster rate.

27
Q

Calculating force/mass/acceleration

A

By using the formula F=ma

28
Q

Newton’s third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force

29
Q

According to newton’s third law

A

The acceleration that an object experiences due to a force depends upon its mass. That means an object with low mass will travel with much greater acceleration than a more massive object.

30
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy and object has depends on its mass and speed

31
Q

Potential Energy

A

Potential energy is the energy that an object has because of its position or structure. Also called stored energy. Gives the objects the capacity to make things happen.

32
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

The stretched or compressed spring has elastic potential energy. The energy is converted into kinetic energy when the spring is released and returns to its original shape.

33
Q

Law of Conservation of energy

A

Energy may be transferred from an object to matter, but it is never destroyed or created.

34
Q

Energy transfer and transformation

A

-Car crashes
-Pendulum
-Lifting
-Dropping

35
Q

Energy efficiency

A

A little energy is usually ‘lost’ because it changes into non-useful forms such as heat and sounds

36
Q

Energy Calculations-Kinetic Energy

A

Kinetic energy=1/2mass x speed*
or
Ek=1/2mv*2

37
Q

Energy Potential Energy-Gravitational Potential Energy

A

GPE (Gravitational Potential energy)=Mass x acceleration due to gravity x height
or
Ep=mgh

38
Q

Energy flow diagram

A

Electrical energy->kinetic energy+sound energy+heat energy

39
Q

Efficiency transfer formula

A

efficiency=useful energy output/total energy input x 100%

40
Q

Car crashes

A

Example: A car moving at 100km/h hits a concrete wall
-Moving car : Kinetic Energy
-Metal Deformation : Heat energy
-Noise : Sound energy
-Springiness in the car structures : Elastic Potential Energy

41
Q

Green house effect

A

YR 10 EXAM/TEST PREP (4 decks)

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