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Abeka 8th Grade > Science Earth and Space Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Science Earth and Space Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

study of matter and movement of God;s physical creation

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2
Q

Matter

A

substance of the physical world; anything that occupies space or has substance

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3
Q

Pedology

A

the study of soil

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4
Q

Hypothesizing
Hypothesis

A

thinking seriously, about the objects and events of nature, and formulating a sensible explanation

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5
Q

Observation

A

involves gathering data about nature in an orderly way

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6
Q

Data

A

(facts)

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7
Q

Experimentation

A

methodically testing hypotheses

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8
Q

Theory

A

a way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts

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9
Q

law

A

a theory that has never been proven false

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10
Q

6 steps of the Scientific Method

A

1: State the problem
2: Gather information
3: Formulate a hypothesis
4: Test the hypothesis
5: Record and analyze
6: State the conclusion

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11
Q

Falsifiability

A

a hypothesis is falsifiable if it could be proven false

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12
Q

Dependent variable

A

factor that is observed to determine the results of the experiment

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13
Q

independent variable

A

the factor that you change to test your hypothesis

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14
Q

controlled variables

A

same in all groups

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15
Q

experimental groups

A

the groups on which the test is preformed

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16
Q

control group

A

a group in which the independent variable is absent

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17
Q

Technology

A

the use of science to solve practical problems

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18
Q

Engineering design process

A

the develop of technology

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19
Q

6 steps to the Design Process

A

1: State the problem to be solved
2: Determine the criteria and constraints of the problem
3: research and develop possible solutions to the problem
4: Choose a design and make a detailed plan
5: Build and test a Prototype
6: Analyze the prototype and improve the design

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20
Q

Criteria

A

the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function at all

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21
Q

constraints

A

the characteristic required to solve the problem

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22
Q

prototype

A

a model of a design that is used for testing

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23
Q

Logic

A

the study of reasoning

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24
Q

inference

A

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

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25
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

reasoning from evident to a more specific conclusion

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26
Q

proposition

A

a statement of fact

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27
Q

hypothetical proposition

A

if/then statement

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28
Q

affirming the antecedent

A

the possibilty is that the consequent is true

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29
Q

denying the consequent

A

we know the consequent is false the antecedent must also be false

30
Q

science and deduction

A

the scientific method requires using deductive reasoning to make predictions based on hypotheses

31
Q

inductive reasoning

A

reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion

32
Q

repeatability

A

if you keep the factors the same, you will essentially the same results

33
Q

reproducibility

A

you will get the same result under different conditions and by preforming other experiments that test the same hypothesis

34
Q

Post Hoc Fallacy

A

the assumption that a change in one factor caused a change in another factor

35
Q

Model

A

anything that provides a partial representation of something else

36
Q

organic material

A

material primarily derived from living organisms

37
Q

mineral materials

A

derived from nonliving matter, such as mineral and rocks

38
Q

decomposition

A

leaves behind minerals and humus

39
Q

humus

A

a substance composed of decayed organism’ particles

40
Q

multiple-use materials

A

adding animal or plow under certain crops to add more humus to the soil

41
Q

recycling

A

reusing more materials

42
Q

topsoil

A

first section of the soil

43
Q

horizon

A

soil layer

44
Q

subsoil

A

middle section of the soil

45
Q

bedrock

A

bottom layer of the soil

46
Q

sand

A

course and gritty, with easily seen particles

47
Q

silt

A

very small particles

48
Q

clay

A

very tightly packed particles

49
Q

loam

A

a range of sand, silt, clay, and humus mixtures

50
Q

Munsell charts

A

provide standard names and descriptions of soil colors

51
Q

pH scale

A

to express the degree of acidity or basicity

52
Q

nutrients

A

nourishing substsnvrd

53
Q

primary planet food elements

A

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

54
Q

phosphates

A

element phosphorus bonded to oxygen and other elements

55
Q

potash

A

two potassium atoms bonded to an oxygen atom

56
Q

nitrogen

A

stimulate rapid growth of leaves, giving plants a rich green color

57
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen moved from air to the soil to be used by plants and the returned to the atmosphere to be used again

58
Q

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

converts elemental nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

59
Q

nitrifying bacteria

A

ammonia is converted to nitrates

60
Q

denitrifying bacteria

A

converts nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen

61
Q

phosphorus

A

essential for cell division and growth promotes plant maturation

62
Q

Potassium

A

contributes to the general health of the plant and improve disease resistance

63
Q

Pore Spaces

A

space in the roots of the plant

64
Q

Pore Spaces

A

space in the roots of the plant

65
Q

saturated

A

soil and porous rocks completely filled with water

66
Q

groundwater

A

water located under the soil’s surface

67
Q

water table

A

the upper surface of groundwater

68
Q

aquifer

A

soil mixture holding water

69
Q

artesian well

A

self-pumping well

70
Q

capillarity

A

the upward movement of water through tiny spaces in response to tension

Abeka 8th Grade (7 decks)

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