Science D Flashcards
atmosphere
layer of gases that surround the Earth
atmospheric dust
tiny solid particles floating in the atmosphere
biosphere
thin layer of the Earth suitable for living
climate
average weather conditions in a region
hydrosphere
water on earth(lakes, ocean, water vapour)
inversion
reversal of normal temperature patterns
lithosphere
outer portion of earth
atmosphere is composed of what percent of which gases
-78% of nitrogen
-21% of oxygen
-1% of other gases
4 layers of the atmosphere
-troposphere
-stratosphere
-mesosphere
-thermosphere
temperature of troposphere
minimum of -60 at the top(10km from the surface of the earth)
temperature of stratosphere
starts at -60 and goes up to 0(10km to 50km)
temperature of mesosphere
0 to -100 (50km to 80km)
temperature of thermosphere
-100 to 1500 (90-500km)
climate change
a change that occurs in the climate of a region over a long period of time
absorption
energy is converted into kinetic energy, when object absorbs the kinetic energy, temp. rises
reflection
particles that reflect energy, so they change the direction the rays
albedo
percent of solar radiation that the surface reflects
natural greenhouse effect
absorption of thermal energy by the atmosphere
greenhouse gas
gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect
greenhouse gas examples
water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
net radiation budget
difference between the amount of incoming radiation vs the amount of outgoing radiation
conduction
transfer of thermal energy through direct contact
convection
transfer of thermal energy through movement of particles
radiation
emission of energy as particles or waves
atmospheric pressure
pressure exerted by mass of air above the earth
Coriolis effect
deflection of any object from a straight path by the earths rotation
wind
movement of cool air from an area of high atmospheric pressure to an area of low atmospheric pressure
calorimeter
a device that measures the transfer of thermal energy
heat of condensation
amount of energy released when a subs goes from liquid to gas without any change in temperature
heat of fusion
amount of energy absorbed when a subs goes from solid to liquid without any change in temperature
heat of solidification
energy released when a subs goes from liquid to solid without any change in temperature
heat of vaporization
energy absorbed when an object goes from liquid to gas without any change in temperature
hydrologic cycle
water molecules go from the earth, into the atmosphere and back down to the earth’s surface
specific heat capacity
amount of energy needed to change raise temp
6 biomes of the earth
tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grassland, rain forest and desert
Canadas biomes
tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grasslands
Albertas biomes
grasslands(prairie), taiga
biome
geographical region with particular climate
closed system
system that exchanges energy but not matter with their surroundings
open system
system that exchanges both matter and energy with their surroundings
surroundings
everything outside a system
