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Science Year 8 > Science CT 2 > Flashcards

Science CT 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a satilite?

A

A small object, orbiting a planet

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2
Q

Order the planets?

A

1- Mercury
2- Venus
3- Earth
4- Mars
5- Jupiter
6- Saturn
7- Uranus
8- Neptune

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3
Q

What is a sun dial?

A

A scale marked to show the movement of the sun using shadows. It ca tell the time as the shadow moves around it.

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4
Q

Some space telescopes?

A

hubble, webb

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5
Q

Moon phases in order?

A

new
waxing crescent
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full
waning gibbous
last quarter
waning crescent
new

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6
Q

Why do seasons happen?

A

the earths axis is tilted.
when the earths axis points towards the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere
when the earths axis points away from the sun, it is summer in the southern hemisphere

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7
Q

Characteristics of summer and the earth?

A

the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.
sunrise: 03:44
sunset: 20:34
energy from sun: 195 J each second on 1m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 61 degrees

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8
Q

Characteristics of spring and autumn and the earth?

A

the northern hemisphere is not tilted towards of away from the sun.
sunrise: 06:08
sunset: 18:22
energy from the sun: 95 J each second o 1 m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 38 degrees

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9
Q

Characteristics of winter and the earth?

A

the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
sunrise: 08:16
sunset: 15:55
energy from the sun: 24 J each second o 1 m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 14.1 degrees

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10
Q

What is a magnet?

A

Metallic object that has the property to affect other metals through a magnetic field.
Magnets have two opposite poles (ends), one always moves towards the North Pole of the Earth and the other one, South.

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11
Q

SSP

A

South- seeking pole

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12
Q

NSP

A

North- seeking pole

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13
Q

Compus

A

an instrument that uses a magnet to point towards earths North Pole

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14
Q

Planet

A

Large body that orbits a star

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15
Q

Solar eclipse

A

when the moon moves in frount of the sun

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16
Q

lunar eclipse

A

when the earth moves between the moon and the sun

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17
Q

umbra

A

a full shadow

18
Q

penumbra

A

a partial shadow

19
Q

what way do magnetic field lines go?

A

North to South

20
Q

How to calculate weight?

A

weight= mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

21
Q

Constillations

A

an imagionary pattern of stars that people have seen.
stars arranged in a recognisable pattern

22
Q

star

A

large balls of gas (plasma) which are very hot, emit light, heat and radiation and have very large gravitational field.

23
Q

one light year

A

the distance travelled by light in 365 days
the speed of light in 300,000 m/s
the distance 10 million kilometer

24
Q

galexy

A

a large, neutral grouping of stars and planets (and clouds of gas) usually with a black hole at the centre.

25
Q

implosion

A

an object breaking down inwards, collapsing on itself
are triggered by forces like pressure, gravity or an explosion that starts the process.
they are physical processes overall

26
Q

explosions

A

generally chemical changes (exceptions- eruptions)
release energy- heat, light, pressure, gasses.

27
Q

reactivity

A

a chemical property of a substance.
the ability of a substance to participate in chemical reactions

28
Q

To protect a metal from oxidation or corrosion, it can be coated with:?

A
  • a protective lager= e.g paint, oil
  • a sacrificial metal= a more reactive meal that oxidises quickly and forms a layer of oxide which is stable and prevents oxygen from reaching the metal underneath
29
Q

protons

A

positive electric charges- found in the nucleus

30
Q

neutrons

A

neutral- found in the nucleus

31
Q

electrons

A

negative charges- found orbiting around the nucleus at defined distances

32
Q

How many electrons can fit onto a shell?

A

1= 2 electrons
2=8 electrons

33
Q

IONS

A

when an atom loses or gains electrons

34
Q

metallic bonding

A

the delocolised electrons are still attracted by the positive charges of the ions (in fixed positions). this is electrostatic attractioln is strong

35
Q

IONIC BONDING

A

the bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion

36
Q

Positive IONS

A

lose electrons
METALS lose electrons to become positive ions

37
Q

Negative IONS

A

gain electrons
NON-METALS who accept electrons to become negative ions

38
Q

energy

A

the ability to do “work” or change.
NOT created or detroyed it is TRANSFERRED

39
Q

exothermic

A

energy is given to the surroundings
heat the environment

40
Q

endothermic

A

cool down their surroundings

41
Q

endothermic examples:

A

ice packs
sports indary cool packs
evaporation

42
Q

exothermic examples:

A

all combustion reactions
freezing and condensation

Science Year 8 (1 decks)

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