Science CT 2

Question 1

What is a satilite?

Answer 1

A small object, orbiting a planet

Question 2

Order the planets?

Answer 2

1- Mercury
2- Venus
3- Earth
4- Mars
5- Jupiter
6- Saturn
7- Uranus
8- Neptune

Question 3

What is a sun dial?

Answer 3

A scale marked to show the movement of the sun using shadows. It ca tell the time as the shadow moves around it.

Question 4

Some space telescopes?

Answer 4

hubble, webb

Question 5

Moon phases in order?

Answer 5

new
waxing crescent
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full
waning gibbous
last quarter
waning crescent
new

Question 6

Why do seasons happen?

Answer 6

the earths axis is tilted.
when the earths axis points towards the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere
when the earths axis points away from the sun, it is summer in the southern hemisphere

Question 7

Characteristics of summer and the earth?

Answer 7

the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.
sunrise: 03:44
sunset: 20:34
energy from sun: 195 J each second on 1m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 61 degrees

Question 8

Characteristics of spring and autumn and the earth?

Answer 8

the northern hemisphere is not tilted towards of away from the sun.
sunrise: 06:08
sunset: 18:22
energy from the sun: 95 J each second o 1 m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 38 degrees

Question 9

Characteristics of winter and the earth?

Answer 9

the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
sunrise: 08:16
sunset: 15:55
energy from the sun: 24 J each second o 1 m2
angle of sun above horizon at midday: 14.1 degrees

Question 10

What is a magnet?

Answer 10

Metallic object that has the property to affect other metals through a magnetic field.
Magnets have two opposite poles (ends), one always moves towards the North Pole of the Earth and the other one, South.

Question 11

SSP

Answer 11

South- seeking pole

Question 12

NSP

Answer 12

North- seeking pole

Question 13

Compus

Answer 13

an instrument that uses a magnet to point towards earths North Pole

Question 14

Planet

Answer 14

Large body that orbits a star

Question 15

Solar eclipse

Answer 15

when the moon moves in frount of the sun

Question 16

lunar eclipse

Answer 16

when the earth moves between the moon and the sun

Question 17

umbra

Answer 17

a full shadow

Question 18

penumbra

Answer 18

a partial shadow

Question 19

what way do magnetic field lines go?

Answer 19

North to South

Question 20

How to calculate weight?

Answer 20

weight= mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

Question 21

Constillations

Answer 21

an imagionary pattern of stars that people have seen.
stars arranged in a recognisable pattern

Question 22

star

Answer 22

large balls of gas (plasma) which are very hot, emit light, heat and radiation and have very large gravitational field.

Question 23

one light year

Answer 23

the distance travelled by light in 365 days
the speed of light in 300,000 m/s
the distance 10 million kilometer

Question 24

galexy

Answer 24

a large, neutral grouping of stars and planets (and clouds of gas) usually with a black hole at the centre.

Question 25

implosion

Answer 25

an object breaking down inwards, collapsing on itself are triggered by forces like pressure, gravity or an explosion that starts the process. they are physical processes overall

Question 26

explosions

Answer 26

generally chemical changes (exceptions- eruptions) release energy- heat, light, pressure, gasses.

Question 27

reactivity

Answer 27

a chemical property of a substance. the ability of a substance to participate in chemical reactions

Question 28

To protect a metal from oxidation or corrosion, it can be coated with:?

Answer 28

- a protective lager= e.g paint, oil - a sacrificial metal= a more reactive meal that oxidises quickly and forms a layer of oxide which is stable and prevents oxygen from reaching the metal underneath

Question 29

protons

Answer 29

positive electric charges- found in the nucleus

Question 30

neutrons

Answer 30

neutral- found in the nucleus

Question 31

electrons

Answer 31

negative charges- found orbiting around the nucleus at defined distances

Question 32

How many electrons can fit onto a shell?

Answer 32

1= 2 electrons 2=8 electrons

Question 33

IONS

Answer 33

when an atom loses or gains electrons

Question 34

metallic bonding

Answer 34

the delocolised electrons are still attracted by the positive charges of the ions (in fixed positions). this is electrostatic attractioln is strong

Question 35

IONIC BONDING

Answer 35

the bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion

Question 36

Positive IONS

Answer 36

lose electrons METALS lose electrons to become positive ions

Question 37

Negative IONS

Answer 37

gain electrons NON-METALS who accept electrons to become negative ions

Question 38

energy

Answer 38

the ability to do "work" or change. NOT created or detroyed it is TRANSFERRED

Question 39

exothermic

Answer 39

energy is given to the surroundings heat the environment

Question 40

endothermic

Answer 40

cool down their surroundings

Question 41

endothermic examples:

Answer 41

ice packs sports indary cool packs evaporation

Question 42

exothermic examples:

Answer 42

all combustion reactions freezing and condensation