Science Cpt 3 Sec 1-3

Question 0

What are the 4 spheres of the Earth?

Answer 0

1. hydrosphere = water on Earth
2. Biosphere = part of Earth where life exists.
3. Atmosphere= mixture of gases around Earth
4. Geosphere= solid rocky part of Earth.

These 4 spheres make up the Earths system.

Question 1

What is convection?

Answer 1

The transfer of energy, especially heat, because of the movement of matter, such as air is called convection.

Example:
The movement of air. Cold air sinks, hot air rises. That makes energy.

Question 2

What are the 4 compositional layers of the Earth?

Answer 2

1. Crust=outmost layer of the Earth. 70km thick
   Made up of silicon, ox, aluminum
2. Mantle= just under the crust. 2900 km thick
   Hot layer of silicate minerals.
3. Core=thickest layer contains iron and nickel.
   34,00km thick
4. Inner core

Question 3

How does energy enter the biosphere?

Answer 3

Through sunlight.
Photosynthesis is plant energy then organisms get energy through plants.
Then energy is passed when things die. Decomposes such as bacteria and fungus break down energy.
(This is how energy from the sun supports life on Earth)

Question 4

What are two factors needed to support life?

Answer 4

1. Water

2. Suitable habitat (not too hot or cold)

Question 5

Temperature

Answer 5

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

You can’t say something is hot or cold. Scientifically you have to give a temperature.

Question 6

All matter is made up of constantly moving particles.

True or false

Answer 6

True

Particles are moving even though we can’t see them.
When they are moving it’s called
Kinetic energy

Question 7

Kinetic energy

Answer 7

Movement of particles (atoms and molecules)

The faster the particles move, the more kinetic energy they have.
The more kinetic enegery= the hotter the temp.

Question 8

The temperature of an object depends on the average kinetic energy.
True or false

Answer 8

True

A teapot holds more than a teacup.
If the atoms of tea in each container have the same average kinetic energy they’ll have the same temp.

Question 9

Thermal expansion is the mechanism by which thermometers measure temperature.
True or false

Answer 9

True

The increase of volume because of the increase of temp is thermal expansion.

Question 10

Explain transfer of heat.

Answer 10

Energy will pass from warmer object to cooler object until they have the same temp.

Question 11

The transfer of heat from one object to another is called________

Answer 11

Conduction

Hot soup heats a spoon

Question 12

The transfer of energy due to the movement of matter (liquid or gas) is called_________

Answer 12

Convection

A pan of water heating
Cold and hot water moves and makes energy

Question 13

Radiation

Answer 13

The transfer of heat such as
(Electromagnetic waves, or visible light or infrared waves.

Radiation can happen between objects that are not touching.
Sun, portable heater…

Question 14

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 14

1 solid

2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 15

Explain State and chemical properties of matter

Answer 15

Different materials are solid at different temps.
( butter is solid at room temp, but milk is liquid at room temp)
Milk is solid at a different temp because it has a different chemical composition.

Question 16

Explain 4 changes of state of a substance

Answer 16

1. Condensing ( gas to liquid)
2. Freezing (liquid to solid)
3. Melting (solid to liquid)
4. Evaporating (liquid to gas)

Question 17

Does temperature depend on the amount of a substance?

Answer 17

No

Temperature depends on the kinetic energy.
The more kinetic energy, the hotter the substance.

Question 18

Give an example of thermal expansion.

Answer 18

Hot air balloon

Thermometer

Question 19

What happens when two objects at different temps are in contact.

Answer 19

Energy will be transferred from the hotter object to the colder object. The objects will become the same temp.

Question 20

A change of state of matter involves a transfer of heat. True or false
Hint evaporation

Answer 20

Energy is released or added to the substance that changes it state
Three states of matter
1 Solid
2 Liquid
3 Gas