SCIENCE COMMON ASSESMENT

Question 1

What is a force?

Answer 1

A force is a push or pull, or a twist that can change an objects motion.

Question 2

What can forces do?

Answer 2

Force can make things move, change shape or change their speed

Question 3

Types of forces?

Answer 3

Applied Force.
Gravitational Force.
Normal Force.
Frictional Force.
Air Resistance Force.

Question 4

Unit of measurement for forces?

Answer 4

newton

Question 5

What are contact forces?

Answer 5

Contact: a force that acts between two objects that touch or are in contact

eg.
- Reaction force
- Tension.
- Friction

Question 6

What are non contact forces

Answer 6

Force that acts on an object from a distance

• Magnet force
• Gravitational force.

Question 7

What is friction

Answer 7

contact force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another.

Question 8

What are the factors that affect friction?

Answer 8

• How rough the surfaces are in contact
• How hard the surfaces are pushed together

-The greater the weight of the a sliding object, the
larger the force of friction

Question 9

When is friction useful?

Answer 9

• Walking/running (traction between your foot and the ground)
• Travel in a car
• Riding your bike
• Pick things up

Question 10

When is friction unwanted?

Answer 10

• Wear and tear: parts of a machine can be worn away, tread on tyres.
• Friction causes energy to be turned into heat. This means that the energy is less efficient.

Question 11

How do you reduce friction?

Answer 11

Parts to be not in contact with each other.

Lubricants such as oil and grease. Makes the surface smoother.

Type of material (e.g. rolling surfaces such as roller-skates, rather than sliding)

Question 12

What is Gravity?

Answer 12

Gravity is a force which tries to pull two objects toward each other.

Question 13

Where does Earth’s gravitation field act?

Answer 13

Earth has a gravitational pull bringing us towards the centre of the Earth

Question 14

What is mass

Answer 14

• How much matter is in an object
• Mass is measured in kilograms, grams and tonnes.
• This will stay the same on different planets

Question 15

What is weight?

Answer 15

• Takes into account the pulling force of gravity and your mass.
• Measured in Newtons (N) NOT kg

Question 16

What direction does gravity act?

Answer 16

It pulls towards the centre.

Question 17

Which direction does air resistance act

Answer 17

opposite direction as the velocity of the object

Question 18

Why do we use simple machines?

Answer 18

they reduce effort or extend the ability of people to perform tasks beyond their normal capabilities

Question 19

What is a speed multiplier

Answer 19

A machine that can make something move faster that otherwise possible.

Question 20

What is a force multiplier

Answer 20

When machines magnify the force you apply to a job, they are known as force multipliers

Question 21

What is a lever?

Answer 21

Simple machine consisting of a rigid rod/stick that pivots about a point

Question 22

What is a fulcrum?

Answer 22

“fulcrum” is the point on which the lever turns or balances.

Question 23

What is the effort?

Answer 23

force is applied at one point on the lever in order to move an object

Question 24

Identify 3 types of levers

Answer 24

Class 1
-sesaw
-pliers
-scissors
Class 2
-wheelbarrow, a bottle opener
Class 3
-fishing rods, human arms and legs, tweezers, and ice tongs

Question 25

What classes are a force multiplier?

Answer 25

class 1 and 2

Question 26

What class is a speed multiplier?

Answer 26

Class 3

Question 27

What is rotation?

Answer 27

the action of rotating about an axis or centre.

Question 28

What is day and night?

Answer 28

Day is when it is light and night time is when it is dark.

Question 29

What is day and night caused by?

Answer 29

Day and night are due to the Earth rotating on its axis.

Question 30

How long does the Earth take to complete one rotation?

Answer 30

23 hours, 56 minutes

Question 31

What is revolution?

Answer 31

he action by a celestial body of going round in an orbit

Question 32

What is orbit?

Answer 32

repeating path that one object in space takes around another one.

Question 33

Explain the orbital pathway of the Earth around the sun

Answer 33

the Earth moves around the Sun in an extended circular or oval pattern at 23.5 degress

Question 34

How long does it take for the Earth to complete 1 relolution around the sun

Answer 34

365 days

Question 35

How long does it take the earth to complete 1 orbit

Answer 35

365 days

Question 36

How long is a year

Answer 36

365.24 days

Question 37

How long is a month?

Answer 37

29.53 days

Question 38

What causes a year?

Answer 38

Earth’s orbit around the sun

Question 39

moon phases

Answer 39

use sheet

Question 40

What is a solar eclispe?

Answer 40

An eclipse of the Sun happens when the New Moon moves between the Sun and Earth, blocking out the Sun’s rays and casting a shadow on parts of Earth.

Question 41

What is a lunar eclispe?

Answer 41

Lunar eclipses occur when Earth’s shadow blocks the sun’s light, which otherwise reflects off the moon. there are 3 types total, partial and penumbral — with the most dramatic being a total lunar eclipse, in which Earth’s shadow completely covers the moon.

Question 42

What is the positioning

Answer 42

Diagram

Question 43

What is a season?

Answer 43

each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter)

Question 44

What causes seasons?

Answer 44

The earth’s spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane.

Question 45

Explain Earth rotates on an axis

Answer 45

The Earth’s orbit makes a circle around the sun. At the same time the Earth orbits around the sun, it also spins. In science, we call that rotating on its axis. Since the Earth orbits the sun AND rotates on its axis at the same time we experience seasons, day and night, and changing shadows throughout the day. on 23.45 degress