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Llion Year 8 > Science/chemistry. Yr8 > Flashcards

Science/chemistry. Yr8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define the word fuel

A

Fuel is a chemical substance from which stored energy can be transferred usefully to make things happen.

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2
Q

Fuel types

A

Coal-solid
Hydrogen-gas
Oil-liquid

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3
Q

What is the word equation for a hydrogen fuel cell

A

Hydrogen+oxygen= water
H + O2 = H2O
Reactants Products
Hydrogen fuel releases energy that is transferred to electricity to make the bus move.

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4
Q

What is the product and reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell?

A

Water/H2O

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5
Q

How is acid rain formed

A

Acid rain is formed by pollution from burning fuel like petal and diesel which cause nitrogen oxide and surfer oxide

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6
Q

What happens when there is acid rain

A

Plants become unhealthy, fish die because acidic lakes, it breaks down rocks and removes the salts from the soil

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7
Q

What does combustion mean

A

Burning

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8
Q

What does Oxidation mean

A

When metal mixes with oxygen

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9
Q

What is the fire triangle made of.

A

Oxygen, fuel and heat

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10
Q

What does flammable mean

A

Easily burst into flames

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11
Q

What does explosive mean

A

Contains enough energy to explode

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12
Q

What does oxidising mean

A

Releases oxygen

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13
Q

What does soot mean

A

Partials made up of carbon that has not reacted with oxygen

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14
Q

What does carbon monoxide mean

A

A gas from carbon that reacts partly with oxygen

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15
Q

What is a greenhouse gas

A

gasses that are in the earths atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, water vapour or methane

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16
Q

What does the greenhouse effect mean

A

The warming effects on the earths surface

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17
Q

Coal is a what? Fossil fuel

A

Hydrocarbon

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18
Q

Hindenburg air ship - what caused it to explode.

A

Because when hydrogen reacts with electricity it is very explosive

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19
Q

Phlogiston

A

Wood(phlogiston) =phlogiston in air + ashes (no phlogiston)

20
Q

8Ed Air pollution - Acid rain

A

Rainwater that is more acidic than usual due to air pollution, usually caused by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolved in it.

21
Q

8Ed Air pollution - Asthma

A

A condition in which the tiny tubes leading to the alveoli become narrow and start to fill with mucus.

22
Q

8Ed Air pollution- catalytic converters

A

A device fitted to the exhaust pipe of a vehicle to change harmful pollutant gases into less harmful gases.

23
Q

8Ed Air pollution- Complete combustion

A

When a substance reacts fully with oxygen, such as

Carbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide

24
Q

8Ed Air pollution- Incomplete combustion

A

When a substance reacts only partially with oxygen such as when carbon burns in the air producing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and soot (unburnt carbon)

25
Q

8Ed Air pollution - Filter (chemistry)

A

Anything, such as cloth, paper or a layer of sand, through which a fluid is passed to remove suspended pieces of solid.

26
Q

8Ed Air pollution- Filter (physics)

A

Something that only lets certain colours through and absorbs the rest.

27
Q

8Ed Air pollution- Nitrogen oxide

A

Acidic gas formed when nitrogen reacts with oxygen at high temperatures, such as in a car engine. There are different types of nitrogen oxides.

28
Q

8 Ed Air pollution- Pollutant

A

A substance that can harm the environment or the organisms that live there.

29
Q

8 Ed Air pollution- Soot

A

A form of carbon, which is produced as very fine particles when hydrocarbon fuels undergo incomplete combustion.

30
Q

8Ed Air pollution- Sulphur dioxide

A

An acidic gas released from burning fossil fuels, which contributes to acid rain.

31
Q

8Ee Global warning - climate change

A

Changes that will happen to the weather as a result of global warming.

32
Q

8Ee Global warming

A

Increased warming of the Earth’s surface as a result of increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

33
Q

8Ee Greenhouse effect

A

The warming effect on the Earth’s surface caused by greenhouse gases absorbing energy emitted from the warm Earth’s surface and re- emitting it back to the surface.

34
Q

8Ee Greenhouse gas

A

A gas, such as carbon dioxide, water vapour or methane, in the Earth’s atmosphere which absorbs energy emitted from the Earth’s surface then emits it back to the surface.

35
Q

8Eb Oxidation - law of conservation of mass

A

The idea that mass is not lost or gained during a chemical reaction. The mass of all the reactants is equal to the mass of all the products.

36
Q

8Eb Oxidation - metal

A

Any element that is shiny when polished, conducts heat and electricity well, is malleable and flexible and often has a high melting point.

37
Q

8Eb Oxidation- metal oxide

A

A metal that has combined with oxygen in a chemical reaction, e.g magnesium oxide.
The general word equation for the reaction is:
Metal + oxygen = metal oxide

38
Q

8Eb Oxidation - non metal

A

Any element that is not shiny and does not conduct heat and electricity well.

39
Q

8Eb Oxidation-

A

Reacting with oxygen. For example, when a fuel combusts or when a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide.

40
Q

8Eb Oxidation- oxide

A

A compound of a metal or non metal with oxygen, such as magnesium oxide or carbon dioxide.

41
Q

8Eb Oxidation- oxidiser

A

A substance that supplies oxygen for a reaction.

42
Q

8Eb Oxidation- Phlogiston

A

A Substance that scientists once thought explained why things burn; it has since been proved that it does not exist.

43
Q

8Ec Fire Safety - exothermic

A

A reaction that gives out energy that can be felt as it heats the surroundings, such as combustion.

44
Q

8Eb Fire Safety - fire extinguisher

A

Something that is used to put out a fire such as a canister of carbon dioxide, powder, water or foam.

45
Q

8Eb Fire Safety - Fire triangle

A

A way of showing in a diagram that heat, fuel and oxygen are needed for fire.

46
Q

8Eb Fire Safety - hazard symbol

A

A warning symbol that shows why something is dangerous.

Llion Year 8 (5 decks)

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