Science - Chemistry

Question 1

What differentiates an ion diagram from an atom diagram?

Answer 1

Brackets & Charge

Question 2

What causes ionic bonding?

Answer 2

Electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges

Question 3

When connected, what happens to the suffix of the anion?

Answer 3

-ine become -ide

Question 4

Sulphate

Answer 4

SO4 2-

Question 5

Nitrate

Answer 5

NO3 1-

Question 6

Phosphate

Answer 6

PO4 3-

Question 7

Hydroxide

Answer 7

OH 1-

Question 8

Ammonium

Answer 8

NH4 1+

Question 9

Carbonate

Answer 9

CO3 2-

Question 10

Silver

Answer 10

Ag 1+

Question 11

Tetrahedral Angle

Answer 11

109.5°

Question 12

Meaning of Lattice

Answer 12

Regular Pattern

Question 13

Properties of Giant Ionic Lattices

Answer 13

Lattice pattern of cations and anions

Solid, high melting/boiling point, conduct electricity when molten, crystalline, brittle

Question 14

Properties of Giant Metallic Lattices

Answer 14

Lattice pattern of cations in a ‘sea’ of continually moving electrons
Conducts at all times, high boiling and melting points due to strong metallic bonding, solid, ductile, malleable, lustre

Question 15

Properties of Simple Covalent Molecular Solids

Answer 15

Arrangement of small molecules held in shape by weak forces between molecules
Do not conduct, usually liquid or gas, low boiling/melting points

Question 16

Properties of Giant Covalent Solids

Answer 16

Lattice pattern of atoms held by covalent bonds
Do not conduct as there are no free charged particles (exception - carbon as graphite), very high boiling/melting points due to strong covalent bonds, hard, crystalline

Question 17

Properties of Water

Answer 17

Greedy oxygen pulls electrons towards it creating instability in polarity, no electrical conductivity unless there are other particles mixed in, low melting/boiling points, strong intramolecular bonds, weak intermolecular bonds which heat energy easily breaks,

Question 18

Properties of Graphite

Answer 18

3 covalent bonds, needs 4, electrons flip between top and bottom layer - delocalised, slipping over each other flows

Question 19

Who was Democritus and what is he famous for?

Answer 19

Democritus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, is famous for developing the theory of the atom being the smallest form of matter.

Question 20

Who discovered the electron and when? What model of the atom did this lead to?

Answer 20

J.J. Thompson 1897, Rutherford-Bohr model.

Question 21

What is an alpha particle?

Answer 21

Consists of 2 protons and neutrons generally produced in alpha decay.

Question 22

What conclusion did Rutherford make about the structure of the atom?

Answer 22

They have electrons orbiting

Question 23

Atomic Number

Answer 23

Number of protons in an element

Question 24

Mass Number/Atomic Mass

Answer 24

Protons plus Neutrons

Question 25

What are Isotopes?

Answer 25

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, so the mass number varies.

Question 26

What is an element?

Answer 26

A type of atom

Question 27

What is a molecule?

Answer 27

A group of atoms/ions/whatever

Question 28

What is a compound?

Answer 28

Two+ atoms chemically bonded

Question 29

Properties of Group 1 Elements?

Answer 29

Alkali Metals | All react vigorously with water to form a hydroxide and Hydrogen gas

Question 30

Properties of Group 2 Elements?

Answer 30

Alkaline Earth Metals | All are reactive

Question 31

Properties of Group 17 Elements?

Answer 31

Halogens | All are very reactive with metals

Question 32

Properties of Group 18 Elements?

Answer 32

Inert (Noble) Gases Tend not to react with any other element All are gases and exist in nature as atoms

Question 33

What are the two liquids at normal temperatures?

Answer 33

Mercury and Bromine

Question 34

What are the 11 gases?

Answer 34

Inert Gases, Fluorine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen & Helium