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T4 2018 F4 > Science - Chemistry > Flashcards

Science - Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What differentiates an ion diagram from an atom diagram?

A

Brackets & Charge

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2
Q

What causes ionic bonding?

A

Electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges

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3
Q

When connected, what happens to the suffix of the anion?

A

-ine become -ide

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4
Q

Sulphate

A

SO4 2-

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5
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3 1-

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6
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4 3-

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7
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH 1-

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8
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 1+

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9
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3 2-

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10
Q

Silver

A

Ag 1+

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11
Q

Tetrahedral Angle

A

109.5°

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12
Q

Meaning of Lattice

A

Regular Pattern

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13
Q

Properties of Giant Ionic Lattices

A

Lattice pattern of cations and anions

Solid, high melting/boiling point, conduct electricity when molten, crystalline, brittle

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14
Q

Properties of Giant Metallic Lattices

A

Lattice pattern of cations in a ‘sea’ of continually moving electrons
Conducts at all times, high boiling and melting points due to strong metallic bonding, solid, ductile, malleable, lustre

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15
Q

Properties of Simple Covalent Molecular Solids

A

Arrangement of small molecules held in shape by weak forces between molecules
Do not conduct, usually liquid or gas, low boiling/melting points

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16
Q

Properties of Giant Covalent Solids

A

Lattice pattern of atoms held by covalent bonds
Do not conduct as there are no free charged particles (exception - carbon as graphite), very high boiling/melting points due to strong covalent bonds, hard, crystalline

17
Q

Properties of Water

A

Greedy oxygen pulls electrons towards it creating instability in polarity, no electrical conductivity unless there are other particles mixed in, low melting/boiling points, strong intramolecular bonds, weak intermolecular bonds which heat energy easily breaks,

18
Q

Properties of Graphite

A

3 covalent bonds, needs 4, electrons flip between top and bottom layer - delocalised, slipping over each other flows

19
Q

Who was Democritus and what is he famous for?

A

Democritus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, is famous for developing the theory of the atom being the smallest form of matter.

20
Q

Who discovered the electron and when? What model of the atom did this lead to?

A

J.J. Thompson 1897, Rutherford-Bohr model.

21
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

Consists of 2 protons and neutrons generally produced in alpha decay.

22
Q

What conclusion did Rutherford make about the structure of the atom?

A

They have electrons orbiting

23
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in an element

24
Q

Mass Number/Atomic Mass

A

Protons plus Neutrons

25
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, so the mass number varies.

26
Q

What is an element?

A

A type of atom

27
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms/ions/whatever

28
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two+ atoms chemically bonded

29
Q

Properties of Group 1 Elements?

A

Alkali Metals

All react vigorously with water to form a hydroxide and Hydrogen gas

30
Q

Properties of Group 2 Elements?

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

All are reactive

31
Q

Properties of Group 17 Elements?

A

Halogens

All are very reactive with metals

32
Q

Properties of Group 18 Elements?

A

Inert (Noble) Gases
Tend not to react with any other element
All are gases and exist in nature as atoms

33
Q

What are the two liquids at normal temperatures?

A

Mercury and Bromine

34
Q

What are the 11 gases?

A

Inert Gases, Fluorine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen & Helium

T4 2018 F4 (10 decks)

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