science chapters 4/5 Flashcards
What is endoplasmic reticulum?
a system of folded membranes in which proteins are made.
what are lysosomes?
they digest wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.
what is a mitochondria?
breaks down sugar to produce energy.
what is a nucleus?
contains the cell’s DNA.
what are ribosomes?
smallest organelle- makes proteins
what is a chloroplast?
where photosynthesis occurs-contains chlorophyll(green)
what is cytoplasm?
the fluid inside every cell.
what is cellular respiration?
the process in animal cells where sugar is broken down for energy in the mitochondria.
what is photosynthesis?
the process in plants where the chloroplasts break down energy from the sun, CO2, and H2O to make food for the plant
what are eukaryotic cells?
cells with membrane bound organelles.
what are prokaryotic cells?
organisms with DNA in a long circular molecule.
what is step 1 in the cell cycle?
interphase: chromosomes are copied (prophase)
what is step 2 in the cell cycle?
mitosis phase 1: chromosomes pair up (metaphase)
what is step 3 in the cell cycle?
mitosis phase 2: chromosomes line up (anaphase)
what is step 4 in the cell cycle?
mitosis phase 3: chromatids separate ( telophase)
