Science Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are central chemoreceptors?
Chemical receptor cells that monitor changes in the pH of the CSF in an effort to regulate CO2 levels and respiration.
What is expiration?
The process by which air is expelled from the lungs; exhalation.
What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?
The additional amount of air that can be exhaled, or forced from the lungs, immediately after a normal exhalation.
What is external respiration?
The process by which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli in the lungs and the pulmonary blood.
What is forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)?
The amount of air that a person can expire in one second.
What does FEV1/FVC represent?
The overall expiratory power of the lungs.
What is functional residual capacity (FRC)?
The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration: ERV + RV.
What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?
An involuntary impulse triggered by stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli that halts inspiration and initiates exhalation.
What is inspiration?
The process by which air flows into the lungs; inhalation.
What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
The amount of air that can be inhaled immediately after a normal inhalation.
What is internal respiration?
The process of gas exchange between the tissues and arterial blood.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Chemical receptor cells that detect muscle contraction and force generation during exercise; they quickly increase respiration rates when exercise begins.
What are peripheral chemoreceptors?
Sensory receptor cells located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are sensitive to changes in blood oxygen level.
What is pulmonary ventilation?
The process of continuously moving air in and out of the lungs.
What is residual volume (RV)?
The volume of air that never leaves the lungs, even after the most forceful expiration.
What is respiration?
The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported to and from the lungs and tissues.
What is respiratory gas transport?
The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported to and from the lungs and tissues.
What is tidal volume (TV)?
The amount of air inhaled in a normal breath.
What is total lung capacity (TLC)?
A combination of the vital capacity plus the residual volume; IRV + TV + ERV + RV.
What is vital capacity (VC)?
The total amount of air that can be forcibly expired from the lungs after a maximum inspiration.
