Science chapter 18

Question 1

Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invaders crack in surrounding rock bodies

Answer 1

dike

Question 2

Any activity that includes the movement of magma toward or onto Earth’s surface

Answer 2

Volcanism

Question 3

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it

Answer 3

hot spot

Question 4

huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures

Answer 4

flood basalt

Question 5

A tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface

Answer 5

conduit

Question 6

Opening in Earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface

Answer 6

vent

Question 7

A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano’s central opening

Answer 7

Crater

Question 8

A long crack in Earth’s crust

Answer 8

fissure

Question 9

Large craters up to 100 km in diameter can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption

Answer 9

Caldera

Question 10

a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

Answer 10

shield volcano

Question 11

Steep-sided, the generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent.

Answer 11

cinder cone

Question 12

Generally cone-shaped with concave slopes, built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers

Answer 12

composite volcano

Question 13

resistance to flow

Answer 13

Viscosity

Question 14

bits of rock dropped from the air from volcanoes

Answer 14

Tephra

Question 15

Swift moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption

Answer 15

pyroclastic flow

Question 16

a body of intrusive igneous rock.

Answer 16

pluton

Question 17

irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5-30 km beneath Earth’s surface, and cuts across older rocks

Answer 17

stock

Question 18

Relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth’s surface.

Answer 18

Laccolith

Question 19

Pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers

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Answer 19

sill

Question 20

coarse grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 km(2), generated forms 10 - 30 km below Earth’s surface, and is common in the interior of major mountain chains

Answer 20

batholith