Science Chapter 16 Study Guide Flashcards
Hydropower makes up_______ of the renewable energy produced globally
63%
The lowest point to which the stream flows is its
Mouth or base level
The energy of a stream is directly related to its
Gradient
The origin of a stream is its
Source
The gradient of a stream relates most closely to its
Elevation profile
Are high gradient stream usually erodes its blank faster than its blank
Streambed and banks
A measure of the slope of a stream
Gradient
The lowest level to which a stream can erode
Base level
Where would you expect to see a narrow, V-shaped cross section
High gradient stream
Would a young earth or old earth geologist agree that the oldest streams are low gradient streams
Old
A stream along with all its tributaries is called a
Stream system
A smaller stream that feeds a larger stream
Tributaries
The order number of a stream system is based on its
Tributaries
A stream and all its tributaries make up a
Stream system
Describe how a streams rates of erosion and deposition are related to its gradient
High gradient streams have the highest erosion and least amount of deposition. Low gradient streams have the least amount of erosion and the most deposition
A ridge that separates one drainage basin from another is called a
Divide
The region from which water empties into a stream and its tributaries is a
Drainage basin
Why are floodplains good areas for farming
Raw flat areas with fertile topsoil
Is produced by a cut off
Oxbow lake
Usually has rapids and waterfalls
High gradient streams
Develops in the channels of low gradient streams
Meanders
There are several basin divides in
North America
To pass by dams on rivers such as the three gorges dam in China, ships require
Locks or lifts
A stream that appears as dotted blue lines on a topographic map
Intermediate streams
The most likely reason that an engineer what design and build a levee would be to
Control flooding
Blank is created when a meander is cut off by the string
Oxbow lake
What have geologists used to explain the origin of natural lakes
Tectonic and glacial activity
What contains the greatest amount of the earths freshwater
Glaciers and ice sheets
What contains the greatest amount of the earth liquid fresh surface water
Lakes and ponds
A young earth geologist will claim that no lake or pond can be older than about blank ears
5,500
Can a Lake form when a cave system collapses
Yes
Where can lakes form
Volcanic creator, meteor crater, and sinkle
Why are the great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea so salty
They have inlets and no outlets
Large salty lakes that have evaporated due to past climate changes usually leave behind
Salt flats
Do some lakes contain salt water
 yes
An unusual lake that has an inlet but no outlet is a 
Salt Lake
A crater lake can be the result of either a volcano or a
Meteorite impact
Extensive nutrients flowing into a lake or pond can produce 
Eutrophication
Eutrophication changes the organisms in a lake overtime causing the lake to become
Toxic and reduces oxygen in like
Overtime, most lakes well usually
Shrink
The water in lakes are mixed vertically by a process called
Thermalology
Foreign lakes and ponds in middle latitudes, the greatest contrast between surface and bottom temperatures would be in the
Summer
In lakes and ponds, nutrients and oxygen are exchanged between the bottom and surface during spring and fall
Thermal turnovers
The study of the earths surface waters is called
Limnology
A rapidly moving weather system passing over a large lake can cause a slow, sloshing effect on lake levels called a
Seiche
Do lakes of all sizes have well-established current patterns, just like the ocean
No
What can lead to a change of water surface light up to several meters in a short period of time
Seiche
