Science ch 9

Question 1

What is Lithosphere

Answer 1

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

Question 2

What is Magma

Answer 2

A very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

Question 3

What is lava

Answer 3

Lava is when a volcano erupts and the magma turns into lava.

Question 4

What is Native element

Answer 4

elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust

Question 5

Crystals

Answer 5

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes

Question 6

Igneous rocks

Answer 6

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

Question 7

Extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 7

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Question 8

Intrusive igneous rocks

Answer 8

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Question 9

Batholiths

Answer 9

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 10

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 10

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

Question 11

Coal

Answer 11

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 12

Limestone

Answer 12

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate

Question 13

Conglomerate rocks

Answer 13

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 14

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 14

rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both)

Question 15

Rock cycle

Answer 15

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.

Question 16

Mineral ores

Answer 16

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 17

Open-cut mining

Answer 17

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the lan

Question 18

Underground mining

Answer 18

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 19

Palaeontologist

Answer 19

a scientist who studies fossils

Question 20

Fossil

Answer 20

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

Question 21

Trace fossil

Answer 21

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed