Science Ch. 5

Question 1

Scientists use _______ _______ and ______ ______

Answer 1

direct evidence, indirect evidence

Question 2

3 layers of the Earth: (from land to center)

Answer 2

crust-mantle-core

Question 3

The layers of the Earth vary in ____, ____, _____, and _____

Answer 3

size, composition, temperature, and pressure

Question 4

temperature:

Answer 4

increases as you go further in the Earth (closer into the Earth)

Question 5

pressure:

Answer 5

increases as you go deeper
How?
The rocks above you pile up.

Question 6

crust:

Answer 6

a layer of solid rock w/ dry land and ocean floor

thickest under mountains and thinnest under oceans

Question 7

oceans=

Answer 7

basalt

Question 8

mountains=

Answer 8

granite

Question 9

mantle:

Answer 9

upper+lower parts below crust

Question 10

upper mantle:

Answer 10

lithosphere

Question 11

athenosphere:

Answer 11

means soft

Question 12

outer core:

Answer 12

layer of molten material

Question 13

inner core:

Answer 13

dense ball of solid material (extreme pressure causes iron atoms to stay together

Question 14

radiation:

Answer 14

transfer of energy via space

ex) sun

Question 15

conduction:

Answer 15

heat transfer via material

Question 16

convection:

Answer 16

heat transfer via fluid/liquid/gas

Question 17

convection currents:

Answer 17

flow that travels heat with a fluid

Question 18

convection currents in earth:

Answer 18

heat from core circulates

Question 19

In 1910, ____ ______ hypothesised that Earth’s continents had moved

Answer 19

Alfred Wegener

Question 20

Alfred’s hypothesis stated all the continents were one together, then they…

Answer 20

moved and drifted apart

Question 21

the idea of the continents moving is…

Answer 21

continental drift

Question 22

The continents drifted and combined to become a supercontinent called _______

Answer 22

Pangaea

Question 23

Wegener gathered evidence from:

Answer 23

land features, fossils, and climate change

Question 24

Wegener’s hypothesis was ______

Answer 24

rejected

Question 25

_____ and ______ were both animals from the Pangaea

Answer 25

Mesosaurus + Lystrosaurus

Question 26

Wegener could not provide the evidence of what ______ ___ _______ ______

Answer 26

pushed or pulled continents

Question 27

a _______ was a fern-like plant on many continents

Answer 27

glossopteris

Question 28

Deep ocean trenches:

Answer 28

When the ocean floor goes into an underwater canyon

Question 29

Subduction:

Answer 29

When an ocean sinks beneath into a mantle

Question 30

Sonar:

Answer 30

detecting devices that absorb sound waves

Question 31

Mild- ocean ridge:

Answer 31

ripples/cures in an ocean

Question 32

Sea-floor spreading:

Answer 32

when the ocean floor opens allowing new crust to come in

Question 33

3 types of Evidence for Sea-floor spreading:

Answer 33

1) Molten Material
2) Magnetic Stripes
3) Drilling Samples

Question 34

In 1968, Glomer Challenger (a submarine) drilled into the ocean floor and found proof of sea floor spreading, and drilling became the #1 evidence. How?

Answer 34

When he drilled a rock, the youngest one was in the middle proving of sea-floor spreading

Question 35

The process of seafloor spreading takes ____ __ _____ __ ______

Answer 35

tens of millions of years